Dietary Reference Intakes

Since 1994 the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board has been involved in developing an expanded approach to developing dietary reference standards. This approach, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), provides a set of four nutrient-based reference values designed to replace the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in the United States and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) in Canada. These reference values include Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). To date, several volumes in this series have been published.This new book, Applications in Dietary Assessment, provides guidance to nutrition and health research professionals on the application of the new DRIs. It represents both a "how to" manual and a "why" manual. Specific examples of both appropriate and inappropriate uses of the DRIs in assessing nutrient adequacy of groups and of individuals are provided, along with detailed statistical approaches for the methods described. In addition, a clear distinction is made between assessing individuals and assessing groups as the approaches used are quite different. Applications in Dietary Assessment will be an essential companion to any-or all-of the DRI volumes.Table of ContentsFront MatterContentsSummaryI. Historical Perspective and Background1 Introduction and Background2 Current Uses of Dietary Reference StandardsII. Application of DRIs for Individual Diet Assessment3 Using Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Assessment of IndividualsIII. Application of DRIs for Group Diet Assessment4 Using the Estimated Average Requirement for Nutrient Assessment of Groups5 Using the Adequate Intake for Nutrient Assessment of Groups6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of Groups7 Specific Applications: Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups Using the Dietary Reference IntakesIV. Fine-Tuning Dietary Assessment Using the DRIs8 Minimizing Potential Errors in Assessing Group and Individual Intakes9 Research Recommended to Improve the Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes10 ReferencesAppendix A: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference IntakesAppendix B: Nutrient Assessment of Individuals: Statistical FoundationsAppendix C: Assessing Prevalence of Inadequate Intakes for Groups: Statistical FoundationsAppendix D: Assessing the Performance of the EAR Cut-Point Method for Estimating PrevalenceAppendix E: Units of Observation: Assessing Nutrient Adequacy Using Household and Population DataAppendix F: Rationale for Setting Adequate IntakesAppendix G: Glossary and AbbreviationsAppendix H: Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee MembersIndexSummary Table: Estimated Average RequirementsSummary Table: Tolerable Upper Intake LevelsSummary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals