Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot is Professor of Civil Engineering at ISA BTP, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour in France. Frédéric Dufour is Professor at the Engineering School for Energy, Water and Environment of Grenoble INP in France.

• Preface xiGilles PIJAUDIER-CABOT and Frédéric DUFOURChapter 1. Bottom–Up: From Atoms to Concrete Structures 1Franz-Josef ULM and Roland J-M PELLENQ1.1. Introduction 11.2. A realistic molecular model for calcium-silicatehydrates 21.3. Probing C-S-H microtexture by nanoindentation 91.4. Conclusions 151.5. Bibliography 16Chapter 2. Poromechanics of Saturated Isotropic Nanoporous Materials 19Romain VERMOREL, Gilles PIJAUDIER-CABOT,Christelle MIQUEU and Bruno MENDIBOURE2.1. Introduction 202.2. Results from molecular simulations 222.3. Poromechanical model 242.4. Adsorption-induced swelling and permeability change in nanoporous materials 372.5. Discussion – interaction energy and entropy 422.6. Conclusions 462.7. Acknowledgments 472.8. Bibliography 48Chapter 3. Stress-based Non-local Damage Model 51Cédric GIRY and Frédéric DUFOUR3.1. Introduction 523.2. Non-local damage models 573.3. Initiation of failure 673.4. Bar under traction 703.5. Description of the cracking evolution in a 3PBT of a concrete notched beam 793.6. Conclusions 823.7. Acknowledgments 843.8. Bibliography 84Chapter 4. Discretization of Higher Order Gradient Damage Models Using IsogeometricFinite Elements 89Clemens V. VERHOOSEL, Michael A. SCOTT, Michael J. BORDEN, Thomas J.R. HUGHES and René DE BORST4.1. Introduction 894.2. Isotropic damage formulation 914.3. Isogeometric finite elements 974.4. Numerical simulations 1034.5. Conclusions 1154.6. Acknowledgments 1164.7. Bibliography 116Chapter 5. Macro and Mesoscale Models to Predict Concrete Failure and Size Effects 121David GRÉGOIRE, Peter GRASSL, Laura B. ROJAS-SOLANO and Gilles PIJAUDIER-CABOT5.1. Introduction 1225.2. Experimental procedure 1255.3. Numerical simulations 1345.4. Conclusions 1525.5. Acknowledgments 1535.6. Bibliography 153Chapter 6. Statistical Aspects of Quasi-Brittle Size Effect and Lifetime, with Consequences for Safety and Durability of Large Structures 161Zdenìk P. BA?ANT, Jia-Liang LE and Qiang YU6.1. Introduction 1616.2. Type-I size effect derived from atomistic fracture mechanics 1646.3. Size effect on structural lifetime 1706.4. Consequences of ignoring Type-2 size effect 1726.5. Conclusion 1776.6. Acknowledgments 1776.7. Bibliography 178Chapter 7. Tertiary Creep: A Coupling Between Creep and Damage – Application to the Case of Radioactive Waste Disposal 183J.M. TORRENTI, T. DE LARRARD and F. BENBOUDJEMA7.1. Introduction to tertiary creep 1847.2. Modeling of tertiary creep using a damage model coupled to creep 1857.3. Comparison with experimental results 1897.4. Application to the case of nuclear waste disposal 1907.5. Conclusions 1977.6. Bibliography 198Chapter 8. Study of Damages and Risks Related to Complex Industrial Facilities 203Bruno GÉRARD, Bruno CAPRA, Gaël THILLARD and Christophe BAILLIS8.1. Context 2038.2. Introduction to risk management 2048.3. Case study: computation process 2068.4. Application 2128.5. Conclusion 2198.6. Acknowledgment 2208.7. Bibliography 220Chapter 9. Measuring Earthquake Damages to a High Strength Concrete Structure 221Patrick PAULTRE, Benedikt WEBER, Sébastian MOUSSEAU and Jean PROULX9.1. Introduction 2219.2. Overview of the selected testing methods 2229.3. Two-storey HPC building 2239.4. Inducing damage – pseudo-dynamic testing procedures 2279.5. Evaluating damage – forced vibration testing procedures 2369.6. Damage detection – analytical evaluation 2399.7. Summary and conclusions 2489.8. Bibliography 249List of Authors 251Index 253