Joseph M. Hawes is Professor Emeritus at the University of Memphis. His most recent works include Family and Society in American History and Family in American Society: an Encyclopedia.N. Ray Hiner is Professor Emeritus of History and Education at the University of Kansas.Together they are co-editors of Growing Up in America: Children in Historical Perspective; American Childhood: A Research Guide and Historical Handbook; and Children in Historical and Comparative Perspective: An International Handbook and Research Guide.