Advanced Functional Textiles and Polymers

Shahid-ul-Islam is a researcher of international recognition at the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. His current research interests include green chemistry, dyes & pigments, thermodynamics and kinetics of colorants, and polymeric nanocomposites. He has numerous academic publications in international journals of high repute to his credit. This current book is his 5th volume with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint. B. S. Butola obtained his B. Tech. (1990) and Ph.D. degrees (2005) in textile technology from IIT Delhi, India. Currently he is an Associate Professor at the Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi. His research interests include functionalization of textiles with metal oxides, use of shear thickening fluids for improving the impact performance of ballistic textiles, polymeric nanocomposites and smart colorants. This current book is his 3rd volume with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint.

• Preface xvii1 Flame Retarded Cotton Fabrics: Current Achievements, Open Challenges, and Future Perspectives 1Giulio Malucelli1.1 Introduction 21.2 Textile Finishing with Sol–Gel Treatments 81.3 Textile Finishing with Layer-by-Layer Assemblies 171.4 Current Limitations of Sol–Gel and Layer-by-Layer Treatments 251.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 262 UV Protective Clothing 33Anu Mishra and Bhupendra Singh Butola2.1 Introduction 332.2 Harmful Effects of UV Radiations on Skin 342.3 Environmental Factors Influencing UV Level on Earth 392.4 Effect of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Textile Materials on UV Protection 422.5 Type of UV Finishes, Their Working Mechanism, and Limitations 462.6 Application Methods of UV Finish in Textiles 502.7 Test Methods for Quantitative Assessment of UV Protection of Textiles 542.8 Summary 573 Potential of Textile Structure Reinforced Composites for Automotive Applications 65Vikas Khatkar, R. N. Manjunath, Sandeep Olhan and B. K. Behera3.1 Introduction 663.2 Materials for Automotive 683.3 Textile Materials for Automotive 803.4 Potential Automotive Parts to be Replaced with Textile Structural Composites 853.5 Lightweight Solution for Electric Car 933.6 Conclusion 934 Biotechnology Applications in Textiles 99Lalit Jajpura4.1 Introduction 1004.2 Adverse Effects of Industrial Farm Practices in Cotton Cultivation 1014.3 Application of Biotechnology in Cotton Cultivation 1034.4 Wet Processing of Cotton and Its Environmental Impact 1054.5 Enzyme and Its Properties 1064.6 Classification of Enzymes 1074.7 Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Cotton 1084.8 Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Removal by Catalase 1134.9 Biopolishing of Cotton 1144.10 Enzymatic Fading of Denim 1144.11 Application of Biotechnology in Wool Production and its Wet Processing 1154.12 Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Wool 1154.13 Application of Biotechnology in Sericulture and Wet Processing of Silk 1174.14 Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Silk 1174.15 Application of Biotechnology in Sustainable Finishing 1184.16 Application of Enzyme Immobilization Techniques in Reuse of Enzymes 1194.17 Conclusion 1195 Environmental Issues in Textiles 129Rishabh Kumar Saran, Raj Kumar and Shashikant Yadav5.1 Introduction 1305.2 Textile Fiber 1305.3 Processes in the Textile Industry 1315.4 Key Environmental Issues 1345.5 Environmental Impact of Textile Industry Wastewater 1445.6 Environmental Legislation 1466 Water Saving Technologies for Textile Chemical Processing 153Nagender Singh6.1 Introduction 1546.2 Technologies for Water Saving in Textile Chemical Processing 1586.3 Conclusion 1667 Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Using Modified Titania 171Waseem Raza and Mohd Faraz7.1 Introduction 1727.2 Photocatalytic Application 1807.3 Factors Affecting the Degradation of Organic Pollutants 1907.4 Conclusions 1958 Advanced Approaches for Remediation of Textile Wastewater: A Comparative Study 201Shumaila Kiran, Sofia Nosheen, Shazia Abrar, Fozia Anjum, Tahsin Gulzar and Saba Naz8.1 Introduction 2028.2 Treatment Methods for Textile Effluent 2078.3 Sequential Method for Textile Effluent Treatment 2408.4 Conclusion 2479 Polymer-Supported Nanocomposite-Based Nanomaterials for Removal and Recovery of Pollutants and Their Application in Bio-Electrochemical System 265Abdul Hakeem Anwer, Nishat Khan, Mohammad Shahadat, Mohammad Zain Khan, Ziauddin Ahammad Shaikh and Syed Wazed Ali9.1 Introduction 2669.2 Conclusion 28210 Reactive and Functional Polymers 291Tanvir Arfin10.1 Introduction 29110.2 Types of Textiles 29310.3 Location of Textile Industries in India 29310.4 Role of Polymer 29410.5 Conclusion 30111 Fabrication and Biomedical Applications of Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Nanocomposites with Special Emphasis on the Anti-Bacterial Applications of Metal/Metal Oxide Polymer Nanocomposites 309Shahnawaz Ahmad Bhat, Fahmina Zafar, Azar Ullah Mirza, Abdulrahman Mohammad, Paramjit Singh and Nahid Nishat11.1 Introduction 31011.2 Scope of the Chapter 31211.3 Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 31311.4 Nanocomposite 31611.5 Biomedical Applications of Nanocomposite 31911.6 Conclusions 32512 Preparation, Classification, and Applications of Smart Hydrogels 337Ali Akbar Merati, Nahid Hemmatinejad, Mina Shakeri and Azadeh Bashari12.1 Introduction 33712.2 Preparation and Characterization of Smart Hydrogels 33912.3 Classifications of Smart Hydrogels 34412.4 Applications of Smart Hydrogels 34812.5 Smart Hydrogel-Functionalized Textile Systems 35312.6 Electrospinning of Smart Hydrogels 35512.7 Future Trends of Smart Hydrogels 35612.8 Conclusions 35713 Potential Applications of Chitosan Nanocomposites: Recent Trends and Challenges 365Tara Chand Yadav, Pallavi Saxena, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Amit Kumar Singh, Ravi Kumar Yadav, Harish, R. Prasad and Vikas Pruthi13.1 Introduction 36613.2 Synthetic Routes for the Preparation of Nanocomposites of Chitosan 36813.3 Applications of Chitosan Nanocomposites 37313.4 Biomedical Application 38013.5 Future Prospects 38814 Use of Polymer Nanocomposites in Asphalt Binder Modification 405Saqib Gulzar and Shane Underwood14.1 Introduction 40514.2 Background 40714.3 Polymer Nanocomposites 41514.4 Rheological Impacts 41814.5 Suggested Evaluation Method for PNC Modified Asphalt Binders 42714.6 Summary 428References 428Index 433