Water 4.0

Adeoba Mariam Iyabo holds a PhD in Zoology from the University of Johannesburg in South Africa, where she worked with extinction patterns of fish in Africa. She also lectures on water resources management at Pan African University for Life and Environmental Science Institute, University of Ibadan.Nnamdi Nwulu is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and the Director of the Centre for Cyber-Physical Food, Energy & Water Systems (CCP-FEWS) at the University of Johannesburg. His research interests have focused on applying digital technologies, mathematical optimisation techniques, and machine learning algorithms in food, energy, and water systems.

• 1. Introduction to the Water Supply System. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Water resource, climate change & water scarcity. 1.3 Water supply system operation. 1.4 Key problems in water supply system management. 1.5 Water supply network management application domain. 1.6 The need for Industry 4.0 in the water supply network management. 1.7 Chapter summary and conclusion. References. 2. Introduction to Industry 4.0. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 History and evolution of the industrial revolutions. 2.3 Industry 4.0 features. 2.4 Industry 4.0 functions and advantages. 2.5 Applications of industry 4.0 in engineering. 2.6 Blending industry 4.0 in the water system operations (Water 4.0). 2.7 Chapter summary and conclusion. References. 3. Water 4.0 perspective and concepts. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Water 4.0 perspective and concepts. 3.3 Key features of Water 4.0. 3.4 Chapter summary. References. 4. IoT in the Water Supply Network Management. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 IoT component and architecture. 4.3 Applications of IoT to water supply network management. 4.4 Challenges and progress. 4.5 Chapter summary and conclusion. References. 5. CPS in the Water Supply Network Management. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 CPS components and architecture. 5.3 CPS functional attributes. 5.4 Application of CPS to water supply network management. 5.5 Challenges and progress. 5.6 Chapter summary and conclusion. References. 6. Intelligent Computing in Water Supply Network Management. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Computational methods. 6.3 Water Supply Network Data Management. 6.4 Challenges and Progress. 6.5 Chapter Summary and Conclusion. References. 7. Automation in the Water Supply Network Management. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Real-time control. 7.3 Advanced control system technologies. 7.4 Sensor integration. 7.5 Applications for water systems. 7.6 Application of Intelligent Computing and Automation to Hydroelectricity. 7.7 Sensor Integration Application to Water System. 7.8 Application of Automation to Water Corporations. 7.9 Challenges and Progress. 7.10 Summary and Conclusion. References. 8. Wastewater Treatment in Water 4.0. 8.1 Introduction to Smart Wastewater Management. 8.2 Wastewater treatment processes and their evolution. 8.3 Integration of smart technology in wastewater management: IoT, sensors, and real-time monitoring. 8.4 Technologies and Innovations in Wastewater Treatment. 8.5 Automated and AI-driven control systems for process optimization. 8.6 Innovations in treatment technologies: membrane bioreactors, advanced oxidation, and nutrient recovery. 8.7 Case Studies Showcasing Efficient Wastewater Treatment Solutions. 8.8 Water reuse strategies for agriculture, industry, and municipal use. 8.9 Nutrient and energy recovery from wastewater. 8.10 Environmental and regulatory considerations for safe reuse practices. 8.11 Chapter summary and conclusion. 8.12 References. 9. Transition to Water 5.0. 9.1 Introduction to Water 5.0 and the Autonomous Future Water Management Systems. 9.2 Potential impacts of Water 5.0 on society, environment, and economics. 9.3 Deep learning and autonomous decision-making capabilities in water systems. 9.4 Key enabling technologies: advanced AI, robotics, and autonomous infrastructure. 9.5 AI-driven resource optimisation and autonomous leak detection. 9.6 Case studies on experimental Water 5.0 applications. 9.7 Solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources power water systems. 9.8 Energy-efficient desalination and water treatment. 9.9 The role of Water 5.0 in sustainable, climate-resilient water systems. 9.10 Chapter Summary. References. 10. Cybersecurity and Risk Management in Water Systems. 10.1 Introduction to Cybersecurity and Risk Management in Water Systems. 10.2 Developing end-to-end cybersecurity policies for water utilities. 10.3 The application of some critical technologies: encryption, firewalls, multi-factor authentication, and network segmentation. 10.4 The Role of AI in Proactive Cybersecurity Monitoring and Response. 10.5 Global cybersecurity standards and regulations for water systems. 10.6 Best practices for compliance and secure data management. 10.7 The importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration in cybersecurity. 10.8 Frameworks for rapid response and incident recovery in the event of cyber-attacks. 10.9 Cyber resilience strategies and recovery planning for water infrastructure. 10.10 Real-world case studies of cybersecurity breaches in water management10.11 Chapter summary and conclusion. References. 11. Water 4.0 Opportunities and Challenges. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Opportunities. 11.3 Challenges. 11.4 Progress and future directions. 11.5 Chapter summary and conclusion. References. 12. Concluding Remarks. 12.1 Summary of the book. 12.2 Conclusion. References