“The book has many strengths. Above all, though a short book, it is incredibly rich, reflecting Avis’s breadth of scholarship about VET and work. … All in all, this is a book to be highly commended and welcomed. James Avis does important work for the field in problematizing some of the current policy nonsense of a critical VET for 4IR. Beyond this, however, he highlights the huge, indeed, existential questions that face VET whatever 4IR amounts to in substance.” (Simon McGrath, Journal of Vocational Education & Training, Vol. 74 (2), 2022)