Varcarolis' Foundations of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing

Margaret Jordan Halter is the Editor of Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care, Former Clinical Nurse Specialist, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, Former Faculty, Malone College, Canton, Ohio; University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Former Associate Dean, Ashland University, Mansfield, Ohio, USA

• UNIT I Foundations in Theory1 Mental Health and Mental IllnessMental Health and Mental IllnessMental HealthMental IllnessMental Health ContinuumDeterminants of Mental HealthPerceptions of Mental Health and Mental IllnessNature Versus NurtureNational Influences on Mental Health CareConsumer Movement and Mental Health RecoveryDecade of the BrainSurgeon General’s Report on Mental HealthHuman Genome ProjectPresident’s New Freedom Commission on Mental HealthInstitute of MedicineBrain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies InitiativeResearch Domain Criteria InitiativeNational Suicide and Crisis LifelineAddressing a National Mental Health CrisisLegislation and Mental Health FundingMental Health ParityPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActEpidemiology of Mental DisordersComorbidityIncidence and PrevalenceClinical EpidemiologyClassification of Mental DisordersDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersInternational Classification of DiseasesPsychiatric-Mental Health NursingClassification of Nursing DiagnosesPsychiatric-Mental Health Nurse EducationTrends Impacting Psychiatric-Mental Health NursingKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review2 Theories and TherapiesPsychoanalytic Theories and TherapiesPsychoanalytic TheoryPsychoanalytic TherapyPsychodynamic TherapyImplications of Freudian Theory for Nursing PracticeInterpersonal Theories and TherapiesInterpersonal TheoryInterpersonal TherapyImplications of Interpersonal Theory to NursingBehavioral Theories and TherapiesClassical Conditioning TheoryBehavioral TheoryOperant Conditioning TheoryBehavior TherapyImplications of Behavior Theory to NursingCognitive Theories and TherapiesRational-Emotive TherapyCognitive Behavioral TherapyTrauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral TherapyDialectical Behavioral TherapyImplications of Cognitive Theory for NursingHumanistic TheoriesTheory of Human MotivationImplications of Motivation Theory for NursingBiological Theories and TherapiesBiological ModelBiological TherapiesImplications of the Biological Model for NursingDevelopmental TheoriesCognitive DevelopmentTheory of Psychosocial DevelopmentTheory of Object RelationsTheories of Moral DevelopmentEthics of Care TheoryConclusionKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review3 Psychobiology and PsychopharmacologyFunctions of the BrainMaintenance of HomeostasisRegulation of the Autonomic Nervous System and HormonesControl of Biological Drives and BehaviorConscious Mental ActivityCellular Composition of the BrainNeuronsNeurotransmittersNeurotransmitter InactivationOrganization of the BrainBrainstemHypothalamusCerebellumCerebrumVisualizing the BrainStructural Imaging TechniquesFunctional Imaging TechniquesDisturbances of Mental FunctionGeneticsNeurotransmittersPharmacotherapyAction of Psychotropic MedicationsAntianxiety AgentsSleep-Wake MedicationsAntidepressant MedicationsMood StabilizersAntipsychotic MedicationsAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder MedicationNeurocognitive MedicationHerbal TreatmentsKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewUNIT II Foundations for Practice4 Treatment SettingsBackgroundContinuum of CareOutpatient CareOutpatient Care SettingsPrevention in Outpatient CareOutpatient Psychiatric Nursing CareInpatient CareInpatient Care SettingsConsiderations for Inpatient CareInpatient Psychiatric Nursing CareSpecialty Treatment SettingsKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review5 Cultural ImplicationsRace Ethnicity and CultureRaceEthnicityCultureMeasuring Race and Ethnicity in the United StatesDemographic Shifts in the United StatesDiversity Equality Equity and InclusionDiversityEqualityEquityInclusionSocial Determinants of HealthWorldviewsWestern TraditionEastern TraditionIndigenous CultureImpact of CultureCultural Barriers to Mental Health ServicesCommunication BarriersStigma of Mental IllnessMisdiagnosisCultural Concepts of DistressCultural IdiomsCultural ExplanationsCultural SyndromesGenetic Variation in PharmacodynamicsSpecial At-Risk PopulationsImmigrantsRefugeesPovertyCulturally Congruent CareCultural CompetemilityCultural AwarenessCultural KnowledgeCultural EncountersCultural SkillCultural DesireKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review6 Ethical and Legal ConsiderationsEthics in Psychiatric NursingEthical PrinciplesGenetic Ethical IssuesLegal Issues in Psychiatric NursingHospitalizationPatients’ Rights Under the LawLaws Relevant to Psychiatric NursingIntentional TortsUnintentional TortsStandards for Nursing CareState Boards of NursingProfessional AssociationsInstitutional Policies and ProceduresCustom as a Standard of CareActing on Questionable PracticeNegligence Irresponsibility or ImpairmentState LawsDocumentation of CareMedical Records and Quality ImprovementMedical Records as EvidenceGuidelines for Electronic DocumentationForensic NursingViolence in the Psychiatric SettingKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewUNIT III Psychosocial Nursing Tools7 The Nursing Process and Standards of CareThe Nursing ProcessAssessmentAge ConsiderationsLanguage BarriersPsychiatric-Mental Health Nursing AssessmentGathering DataValidating the AssessmentUsing Rating ScalesDiagnosisDiagnostic StatementsTypes of Nursing DiagnosesOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationRegistered Nurse ImplementationAdvanced Practice Registered Nurse InterventionsEvaluationDocumentationKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review8 Therapeutic RelationshipsConcepts Central to the Nurse-Patient RelationshipImportance of Talk TherapyGoals and FunctionsPersonal Versus Therapeutic RelationshipsRelationship Boundaries and RolesPeplau’s Model of the Nurse-Patient RelationshipPreorientation PhaseOrientation PhaseWorking PhaseTermination PhaseFactors that Promote Patients’ GrowthGenuinenessEmpathyPositive RegardKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review9 Therapeutic CommunicationTheoretical Models of CommunicationThe Transactional Model of CommunicationPeplau’s Interpersonal TheoryFactors That Affect CommunicationPersonal FactorsEnvironmental FactorsRelationship FactorsVerbal and Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal CommunicationInteraction of Verbal and Nonverbal CommunicationTherapeutic Communication TechniquesSilenceActive ListeningClarifying TechniquesQuestionsNontherapeutic CommunicationExcessive QuestioningCultural ConsiderationsCommunication StyleEye ContactTouchCultural FiltersThe Counseling SessionPreparing for the SessionIntroductionsTactics to AvoidBehaviors That Support CounselingEvaluation of Communication SkillsInformation Communication TechnologiesTelehealthMobile ApplicationsKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review10 Stress Responses and Stress ManagementAdverse Childhood ExperiencesResponses to and Effects of StressEarly Stress Response TheoriesImmune System Stress ResponsesMediators of the Stress ResponsePerceptionIndividual TemperamentSocial SupportSupport GroupsCultureSpirituality and ReligionNursing Management of Stress ResponsesMeasuring StressAssessing Coping StylesManaging Stress Through Relaxation TechniquesOther Ways to RelaxKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewUNIT IV Psychobiological Disorders11 Childhood and Neurodevelopmental DisordersGeneral Nursing Care for Neurodevelopmental DisordersAssessmentImplementationTeamwork and SafetyDisruptive Behavior ManagementIntellectual Developmental DisorderApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesAutism Spectrum DisorderApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcome IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesSpecific Learning DisorderCommunication DisordersLanguage DisorderSpeech Sound DisorderChild-Onset Fluency DisorderSocial Communication DisorderMotor DisordersDevelopmental Coordination DisorderStereotypic Movement DisorderTic DisordersKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions12 Schizophrenia Spectrum DisordersSchizophrenia Spectrum DisordersDelusional DisorderBrief Psychotic DisorderSchizophreniform DisorderSchizoaffective DisorderSubstance-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical ConditionSchizophreniaClinical PicturePhases of SchizophreniaEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions13 Bipolar and Related DisordersBipolar DisordersBipolar I DisorderBipolar II DisorderCyclothymic DisorderOther Bipolar DisordersApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions14 Depressive DisordersMajor Depressive DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsOther Depressive DisordersDisruptive Mood Dysregulation DisorderPersistent Depressive DisorderPremenstrual Dysphoric DisorderSubstance/Medication-Induced Depressive DisorderDepressive Disorder Due to Another Medical ConditionApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions15 Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive DisordersAnxietyLevels of AnxietyDefenses Against AnxietyAnxiety DisordersClinical PictureSeparation Anxiety DisorderSpecific PhobiasPanic DisorderAgoraphobiaGeneralized Anxiety DisorderOther Anxiety DisordersApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesObsessive-Compulsive DisordersObsessive-Compulsive DisorderBody Dysmorphic DisorderHoarding DisorderTrichotillomania and Excoriation DisorderOther Compulsive DisordersApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions16 Trauma- Stressor-Related and Dissociative DisordersTrauma-Related DisordersPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in AdultsClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and AdolescentsClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcome IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesAcute Stress DisorderApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesPsychological TherapiesAdjustment and Attachment DisordersAdjustment DisorderAttachment DisordersDissociative DisordersDissociative Amnesia and Dissociative FugueDissociative AmnesiaDissociative FugueDepersonalization/Derealization DisorderDissociative Identity DisorderApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions17 Somatic Symptom DisordersSomatic Symptom DisorderEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsGuidelines for Nursing CareTreatment ModalitiesIllness Anxiety DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsGuidelines for Nursing CareTreatment ModalitiesFunctional Neurological Symptom DisorderEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsGuidelines for Nursing CareTreatment ModalitiesPsychological Factors Affecting Medical ConditionEpidemiologyRisk FactorsGuidelines for Nursing CareTreatment ModalitiesApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesFactitious DisorderFactitious Disorder Imposed on SelfFactitious Disorder Imposed on AnotherEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsNursing Care Associated With Factitious DisordersTreatment ModalitiesMalingeringKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions18 Eating and Feeding DisordersAnorexia NervosaClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesBulimia NervosaClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesBinge-Eating DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesFeeding DisordersPicaRumination DisorderAvoidant/Restrictive Food Intake DisorderKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions19 Sleep-Wake DisordersSleepConsequences of Sleep LossIrregular SleepToo Much SleepNormal Sleep CycleLife Cycle Sleep PatternsRegulation of SleepFunctions of SleepSleep RequirementsSleep-Wake DisordersSleep DisordersInsomnia DisorderHypersomnolence DisorderNarcolepsyBreathing-Related Sleep DisordersObstructive Sleep Apnea HypopneaCentral Sleep ApneaSleep-Related HypoventilationCircadian Rhythm Sleep DisordersParasomniasNon-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal DisordersNightmare DisorderRapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior DisorderRestless Legs SyndromeSubstance/Medication-Induced Sleep DisorderDiagnosing Sleep DisordersComorbidityApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment Modalities for InsomniaBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions20 Sexual Dysfunction Gender Dysphoria and Paraphilic DisordersSexualitySexual DysfunctionClinical PictureSexual DisordersRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesGender DysphoriaClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsNursing Care for Gender DysphoriaTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesParaphilic DisordersExhibitionistic DisorderFetishistic DisorderFrotteuristic DisorderPedophilic DisorderSexual Sadism Disorder and Sexual Masochism DisorderTransvestic DisorderVoyeuristic DisorderParaphilic Disorder Not Otherwise SpecifiedEpidemiologyRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions21 Impulse Control DisordersOppositional Defiant DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsConduct DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsIntermittent Explosive DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsPyromania and KleptomaniaApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions22 Substance-Related and Addictive DisordersSubstance Use DisordersConcepts Central to Substance Use DisordersScheduled DrugsEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsClinical PictureCaffeineCannabis Use DisorderHallucinogen Use DisorderInhalant Use DisorderOpioid Use DisorderSedative Hypnotic and Antianxiety Medication Use DisorderStimulant Use DisorderTobacco Use DisorderGambling DisorderAlcohol Use DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsTypes of Problematic DrinkingAlcohol IntoxicationAlcohol WithdrawalCognitive DisturbancesFetal Alcohol SyndromeSystemic EffectsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesContinuum of Care for Substance Use DisordersDetoxificationRehabilitationSober Houses and Halfway HousesOther HousingPartial Hospitalization ProgramIntensive Outpatient ProgramsOutpatient TreatmentAlcoholics AnonymousRelapse PreventionKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions23 Neurocognitive DisordersDeliriumClinical PictureEpidemiologyRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationMild and Major Neurocognitive DisordersMild Neurocognitive DisordersMajor Neurocognitive DisordersAlzheimer’s DiseaseClinical PictureEpidemiologyRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and Questions24 Personality DisordersOverviewCluster A Personality DisordersParanoid Personality DisorderSchizoid Personality DisorderSchizotypal Personality DisorderCluster B Personality DisordersAntisocial and Borderline Personality DisordersHistrionic Personality DisorderNarcissistic Personality DisorderCluster C Personality DisordersAvoidant Personality DisorderDependent Personality DisorderObsessive-Compulsive Personality DisorderBorderline Personality DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesAntisocial Personality DisorderClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewNGN Case Study and QuestionsUNIT V Trauma Interventions25 Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-InjurySuicideClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesNonsuicidal Self-InjuryClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentsPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review26 Crisis and DisasterCrisis CharacteristicsPerception of the EventSituational SupportCoping MechanismsCrisis TheoryLindemann’s Symptoms of Acute GriefCaplan’s Crisis Intervention StrategiesTypes and Phases of CrisesTypes of CrisesPhases of CrisisApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesCrisis Call LinesWarm LinesCrisis Intervention TeamsCrisis Stabilization FacilitiesPsychiatric Advance Directive PlanDisaster ResponseDisaster Management ContinuumDisaster Management ContextKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review27 Anger Aggression and ViolenceOverview of Anger Aggression and ViolenceClinical PictureEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesBiological TreatmentPsychological TherapiesAnger Aggression and Violence in General Hospital SettingsPatients With Healthy Coping Skills Who Are OverwhelmedPatients With Marginal Coping SkillsPatients With Cognitive DeficitsKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review28 Child Older Adult and Intimate Partner ViolenceOverview of AbuseTypes of AbuseCrisis SituationThe Perpetrator and the Vulnerable PersonChild AbuseEpidemiologyComorbidityRisk FactorsIntimate Partner ViolenceEpidemiologyRisk FactorsCycle of ViolenceOlder Adult AbuseEpidemiologyRisk FactorsApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesIndividual TherapyFamily TherapyGroup TherapyKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review29 Sexual AssaultSexual ViolenceSexual AssaultRapeStalkingLegal Issues With Sexual Assault Rape and StalkingEpidemiologySexual AssaultRapeStalkingClinical PictureApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesPsychological TherapiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewUNIT VI Interventions for Special Populations30 Dying Death and GrievingDeath and DyingAn Aging PopulationModels for End-of-Life CareDeath and Dying TheoryFacilitating DeathArtificial Nutrition and HydrationEuthanasiaMedical Aid in DyingAdvance Care PlanningAdvance DirectivesProvider Orders for Life-Sustaining TreatmentNursing Care at the End of LifeCommunicationArt of PresenceSymptom ManagementAnticipatory GriefPalliative Care for Patients With DementiaDevelopmental Tasks in DyingThe Dying ProcessGrievingGrieving TheoriesGrief and TechnologyGrief Versus Major Depressive DisorderTypes of Grief and Associated Nursing CareSelf-CareKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review31 Older AdultsAging DemographicsStatisticsLife ExpectancyChronological AgeChronic IllnessLate-Life Mental IllnessMajor Depressive DisorderAnxiety DisordersNeurocognitive DisordersAlcohol and Substance Use DisordersPain in Older AdultsBarriers to Accurate Pain AssessmentAssessment ToolsPain ManagementHealthcare Concerns of Older AdultsFinancial BurdenCaregiver BurdenAgeismHealthcare Decision-MakingAdvance DirectivesGuardianshipApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesTreatment SettingsHospital-Based CareHome-Based ServicesResidential CareKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review32 Serious Mental IllnessOverview of Serious Mental IllnessThe Concept of Serious Mental IllnessMental Illness StatisticsImpact of SMIsThe Development of Serious Mental Illness and Age ConsiderationsDevelopment of Serious Mental IllnessSpecial PopulationsIssues Confronting Individuals With Serious Mental IllnessEstablishing a Meaningful LifeComorbid ConditionsSocial ProblemsEconomic ChallengesCaregiver BurdenTreatment IssuesSerious Mental Illness ResourcesRehabilitation Versus Recovery Two Models of CareComprehensive Community TreatmentSubstance Use TreatmentEvidence-Based Treatment ApproachesAssertive Community TreatmentCognitive Behavioral TherapyCognitive Enhancement TherapyFamily Support and PartnershipsSocial Skills TrainingVocational Rehabilitation and Related ServicesOther Treatment ApproachesCourt-Involved InterventionConsumer-Run ProgramsPeer SupportTechnologyExerciseNursing Care of Patients With Serious Mental IllnessAssessment StrategiesIntervention StrategiesEvaluationCurrent Issues Affecting Individuals With Serious Mental IllnessOutpatient CommitmentCriminal Offenses and IncarcerationDeinstitutionalization and TransinstitutionalizationInadequate Access to CareKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review33 Forensic NursingForensic NursingEducationRoles and Functions of Forensic NursesForensic Psychiatric NursingEducation and TrainingRoles and Functions of Forensic Psychiatric NursesCorrectional NursingDemographics of IncarcerationConstitutional Right to HealthcarePrevalence of Psychiatric DisordersTreatment for Psychiatric ConditionsDischarge PlanningKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewUNIT VII Other Intervention Modalities34 Therapeutic GroupsPsychiatric Nursing Care in GroupsFrom Group to Therapeutic GroupConcepts Common to All GroupsExpected Outcomes for GroupsPhases of Group DevelopmentPlanning PhaseOrientation PhaseWorking PhaseTermination PhasePost-Group Issues Evaluation and Follow-UpGroup Roles and Therapeutic FrameworksGroup Participant RolesTherapeutic Framework for GroupsNurses as Group LeadersStyles of LeadershipGroup Leader SupervisionEthical Issues in Group TherapyDealing With Challenging Member BehaviorsMonopolizing Group MemberDisruptive Group MemberSilent Group MemberKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review35 Family InterventionsFamily StructureFamily FunctionsFamily TherapyOverview of Family TherapyConcepts Central to Family TherapyTriangulationApplication of the Nursing ProcessAssessmentNursing DiagnosisOutcomes IdentificationPlanningImplementationEvaluationTreatment ModalitiesKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter Review36 Integrative CareIntegrative Care in the United StatesConsumers and Integrative CareIntegrative Nursing CareIntegrative Care Education and CertificationClassification of Integrative CareNutritional ApproachesMind-Body ApproachesOther Complementary TherapiesHistorical Notes Regarding CAMTraditional Chinese MedicineAyurvedic MedicineKey Points to RememberClinical JudgmentChapter ReviewIndex