Theory of Sampling and Sampling Practice

Dr. Francis F. Pitard is a consulting expert in Sampling, Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Total Quality Management (TQM). He is President of Francis Pitard Sampling Consultants (www.fpscsampling.com) and Technical Director of Mineral Stats Inc. (MSI) in Broomfield, Colorado, USA. He provides consulting services in many countries. Dr. Pitard has six years of experience with the French Atomic Energy Commission and fifteen years with Amax Extractive R&D. He taught Sampling Theory, SPC, and TQM for the Continuing Education Offices of the Colorado School of Mines, the Australian Mineral Foundation, for the Mining Department of the University of Chile, and the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa. He has a Doctorate in Technologies from Aalborg University in Denmark. He is the author of 36 papers published over the last 40 years. He has an outstanding expertise in all aspects of sampling accumulated during a 20-year association with C.O. Ingamells and Dr. Pierre M. Gy. He coauthored “Applied Geochemical Analysis”. C.O. Ingamells and F.F. Pitard. Wiley Interscience Division, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1986. 733 pages textbook. He published two historical novels analyzing the origins of the Easter Island people. Dr. Pitard lived for a total of 6 years in the South Pacific and had a strong interest in Polynesian archeology and philosophy. “Heirs of a Lost Race”, 2001 ISBN: 0-7596-9472-9, Published by AuthorHouse “Rapa Nui Settlers – by choice and necessity”, 2009, Published by AuthorHouse. ISBN: 978-1-4389-5158-4 (e) ISBN: 978-1-4389-2940-8 (sc) ISBN: 978-1-4389-2942-2 (hc) Dr Pitard published a biography of a French Resistance hero. “From Normandy to the Hell of Ravensbruck: Life and escape from a concentration camp – The true story of 44667.” The true story of Dr. Pitard’s great aunt during WWII. Page Publishing, Inc. 2016 ISBN 978-1-68348-728-9 (Paperback) ISBN 978-1-68348-729-6 (Digital) He is the author of an essay on Nuclear Physics, titled “The Theory of Vacuoles and Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions”, 2017. http://mediahead.ca/Francis_Pitard_LENR/ Dr. Pitard doctoral thesis, Pierre Gy’s Theory of Sampling and C.O. Ingamells’ Poisson Process Approach, pathways to representative sampling and appropriate industrial standards, Aalborg University, campus Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, DK-67 Esbjerg, Denmark, 2009.Maxime A. Pitard is the founder of HonuaTek LLC, a company focused on developing digital solutions for the mining, manufacturing and utilities industries. He holds a B.Sc. in Mathematics and Computer Science from the Colorado School of Mines and has over 30 years of experience in IT consulting where he has engaged customers ranging from small technology startups to fortune 50 organizations. His exposure to the Theory of Sampling (TOS) started in the early 1980’s, where he authored software to implement many of the compute intensive concepts described in this book. Mr. Pitard started his career as a chemist/scientist in commercial analytical laboratories, working his way into management positions, eventually joining an international consulting firm where he gained experience with large organizations navigating their digital journeys. In parallel, Mr. Pitard continued to author sampling software, and over the years has taken a more active role in sampling consulting, providing training on both the software and certain aspects of the TOS.

• 1. Definition of Basic Terms and Symbols. 2. A Management Strategy. 3. Fundamental Statistical Concepts. 4. A Logical Introduction to the Components of the Overall Estimation Error. 5. A Logical Introduction to the Notion of Heterogeneity. 6. Heterogeneity of a Zero-Dimensional Lot: Constitution and Distribution Heterogeneities. 7. Heterogeneity of a One-Dimensional Lot: Notion of Variography. 8. Sampling of One-Dimensional Lots: The Continuous Model. 9. Sampling of Zero-Dimensional Lots: The Discrete Model. 10. The Fundamental Sampling Error. 11. Minimizing the Fundamental Sampling Error in Sampling Protocols. 12. Other Approaches, a Strategy, and Cardinal Rules for the Estimation of the Variance of FSE. 13.The Grouping and Segregation Error. 14. The Works of Visman and Ingamells Relevant to the Theory of Sampling. 15. Theoretical, Practical, and Economic Difficulties in Sampling for Trace Constituents. 16. From Links between Gy and Ingamells to a Sampling Strategy. 17. The In-Situ Nugget Effect: A Transition Between Geostatistics and the Theory of Sampling. 18. The Increment Materialization Error. 19. Sampling Modes. 20. The Increment Delimitation Error during Exploration, Mining, and Sampling Food and the Environment 21. The Increment Delimitation Error at a Processing Plant. 22. The Increment Delimitation Error during Sampling at the Laboratory. 23. The Increment Extraction Error during Exploration and Mining. 24. The Increment Extraction Error during Sampling in a Processing Plant. 25. The Increment Extraction Error during Sampling at the Laboratory. 26. The Increment Preparation Errors and the Notion of Sample Integrity. 27. The Increment Weighting Error. 28. The Weighing Error. 29. Sampling for the Determination of the Moisture Content. 30. Peculiarities about the Sampling of Precious Metals. 31. Sampling of Liquid and Solid Wastes and Sampling of the Environment. 32. Solvable and Unsolvable Sampling Problems. 33. A Strategy to Take Better Advantage of Existing Chronological Data. 34. The Use of the Variogram to Elaborate Meaningful Process Control Charts. 35. Case Studies where Variography is an Effective Tool to Discover and Quantify Structural Problems. 36. An Introduction to Homogenizing Processes. 37. Bed-Blending Techniques. 38 Recommendations for the Design, Installation and Maintenance of Sampling Systems. 39. Introduction to Variography: Notions of Variability and Derivation. 40. Bias Testing: Bias Test Visualization using Pierre Gy’s Approach.