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The unique relationship between word and image in ancient Egypt is a defining feature of that ancient culture's records. All hieroglyphic texts are composed of images, and large-scale figural imagery in temples and tombs is often accompanied by texts. Epigraphy and palaeography are two distinct, but closely related, ways of recording, analyzing, and interpreting texts and images. This Handbook stresses technical issues about recording text and art and interpretive questions about what we do with those records and why we do it. It offers readers three key things: a diachronic perspective, covering all ancient Egyptian scripts from prehistoric Egypt through the Coptic era (fourth millennium BCE-first half of first millennium CE), a look at recording techniques that considers the past, present, and future, and a focus on the experiences of colleagues. The diachronic perspective illustrates the range of techniques used to record different phases of writing in different media. The consideration of past, present, and future techniques allows readers to understand and assess why epigraphy and palaeography is or was done in a particular manner by linking the aims of a particular effort with the technique chosen to reach those aims. The choice of techniques is a matter of goals and the records' work circumstances, an inevitable consequence of epigraphy being a double projection: geometrical, transcribing in two dimensions an object that exists physically in three; and mental, an interpretation, with an inevitable selection among the object's defining characteristics. The experiences of colleagues provide a range of perspectives and opinions about issues such as techniques of recording, challenges faced in the field, and ways of reading and interpreting text and image. These accounts are interesting and instructive stories of innovation in the face of scientific conundrum.
Vanessa Davies, Ph.D., is an Egyptologist. She has published on the interplay of ancient Egyptian text and art, epigraphy, and the palaeography of hieroglyphs.Dimitri Laboury, Ph.D., is Research Director of the FNRS and Associate Professor at the University of Liège, Belgium. As an Egyptologist, he specializes in the study of ancient Egyptian art and artists.
List of IllustrationsAbbreviationsIntroduction: Vanessa Davies and Dimitri Laboury I. Cultural and Material Setting1. Form, Layout, and Specific Potentialities of the Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic ScriptPascal Vernus 2. The Content of Egyptian Wall DecorationNiv Allon 3. The Egyptian Theory of Monumental Writing as Related to Permanence or EnduranceBoyo G. Ockinga 4. The Historical RecordPeter Brand 5. Egyptian Epigraphic Genres and Their Relation with Non-epigraphic OnesJulie Stauder-Porchet and Andreas Stauder 6. Designers and Makers of Ancient Egyptian Monumental EpigraphyDimitri Laboury 7. AudiencesHana Navratilova 8. The Materials, Tools, and Work of Carving and PaintingDenys A. Stocks 9. Recording Epigraphic Sources as Part of ArtworksGabriele Pieke II. Historical Efforts at Epigraphy1. When Ancient Egyptians Copied Egyptian WorkTamás A. Bács 2. When Classical Authors Encountered Egyptian EpigraphyJean Winand 3. Interpretations and Re-use of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs in the Arabic Period (Tenth-Sixteenth Centuries CE)Annette Sundermeyer 4. The Reception of Ancient Egypt and Its Script in Renaissance EuropeLucie Jirásková 5. The Epigraphy of Egyptian Monuments in the Description de l'ÉgypteÉric Gady 6. The Rosetta Stone, Copying an Ancient CopyIlona Regulski 7. The Epigraphic Work of Early Egyptologists and Travelers to EgyptLise Manniche 8. Karl Richard Lepsius and The Royal Prussian Expedition to Egypt (1842-1845/6)Christian E. Loeben 9. Nineteenth-Century Foundations of Modern EpigraphyVirginia L. Emery 10. Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Developments in EpigraphyVanessa Davies III. Traditional and New Techniques of Epigraphy1. How to Publish an Egyptian Temple?Claude Traunecker 2. Epigraphic Techniques Used by the Edfu ProjectDieter Kurth 3. Online Publication of MonumentsWilleke Wendrich 4. Tradition and Innovation in Digital EpigraphyKrisztián Vértes 5. 3D scanning, Photogrammetry, and Photo Rectification of Columns in the Karnak Hypostyle HallJean Revez 6. An Assessment of Digital Epigraphy and Related TechnologiesPeter Der Manuelian 7. Typical, Atypical, and Downright Strange Epigraphic TechniquesWill Schenck 8. The Chicago House MethodJ. Brett McClain 9. The So-called "Karnak Method"Christophe Thiers 10. Practical Issues Concerning Epigraphic Work in Tombs and TemplesHanane Gaber 11. The Application of a Logic of Writing-Imagery to Palaeographic Interpretation in the Formative Phase of WritingLudwig Morenz 12. Reading, Editing, and Appreciating the Texts of Greco-Roman TemplesLaure Pantalacci 13. History of Recording Demotic EpigraphyJan Moje 14. GraffitiChiara Salvador 15. Practical Issues with the Epigraphic Restoration of a Biographical InscriptionAndrés Diego Espinel 16. Relationships between the Community of Sheikh Abd al-Qurna and Ancient Egyptian MonumentsAndrew Bednarski and Gemma Tully IV. Issues in Paleography1. The Significance of Medium in Palaeographic StudyDimitri Meeks 2. Hieroglyphic PalaeographyFrédéric Servajean 3. Methods, Tools, and Perspectives of Hieratic PalaeographyStéphane Polis 4. Carved Hybrid ScriptMohamed Sherif Ali 5. Cursive Hieroglyphs in the Book of the DeadRita Lucarelli 6. Some Issues in and Perhaps a New Methodology for Abnormal HieraticKoen Donker van Heel 7. Demotic PalaeographyJoachim Quack, Jannik Korte, Fabian Wespi, Claudia Maderna-Sieben 8. Issues and Methodologies in Coptic PalaeographyAnne Boud'hors 9. Digital Palaeography of HieraticSvenja A. Gülden, Celia Krause, Ursula Verhoeven 10. Hieratic Palaeography in Literary and Documentary Texts from Deir el-MedinaHans-Werner Fischer-Elfert Index