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The evidence presented in this book suggests that when the necessary conditions for disaster risk reduction (DRR) are in place, it is possible for elected officials to pursue DRR policies in their rational self-interest. As such, when the media makes it possible through lesson-drawing coverage of distant disasters, DRR policies become much more likely in observing communities because elected officials can seize the opportunity to both make political gains and protect their constituents. Authors Thomas Jamieson and Douglas A. Van Belle provide reasons for optimism about the prospect of DRR in at-risk communities around the world—observing communities are able to learn from the experiences of stricken areas and pursue policies that ultimately save lives and reduce economic damage from disasters. In That Could Be Us, Jamieson and Van Belle find that the news media delivers information to observing communities in a form that enables learning from other disasters. Experimental evidence shows that people react to this information in a way that would punish leaders who do not back DRR efforts. Case studies, interviews, experiments, and illustrative examples suggest that leaders and political entrepreneurs heed this public demand, react to news media coverage, and act accordingly. Taken as a whole, this suggests that the policy and research implications derived from this book’s theoretical model are worthy of further exploration, particularly in terms of how they might resolve the puzzle presented by the variations in DRR policy uptake around the world that do not seem to be driven by developmental differences across communities.
Thomas Jamieson is Assistant Professor in the School of Public Administration at the University of Nebraska at Omaha.Douglas A. Van Belle is Senior Lecturer in Media Studies at Victoria University of Wellington.
List of FiguresList of TablesPreface1. IntroductionExisting Approaches to Disaster Risk Reduction Implications of the Third-Person Effect Model Structure of Enquiry and Presentation2. The Third-Person Effect ModelDisasters and Response Exhaustion Prospect Theory and the Recouping of Losses Sufficient Versus Necessary Causes Media and the Public Will to Act The Third-Person Effect News Media, Audiences and Localization Rational Political Leaders and the Political Will to Act The Full Third-Person Effect ModelMedia Engagement and the Creation of Opportunities for Disaster RiskReduction Framing, Prospect Theory and the Overvaluing of Held Assets Implications of Opportunism and the Pursuit of Universalism Discussion 3. How News Media Set the Agenda: A Taxonomy of LocalizationLocalization and News Production Analytical Approach Case Selection Process of Analysis A Taxonomy of Localization Communalization Neutral Localization Othering Discussion 4. DRR on the Public Agenda: How Development Affects News CoverageIs Localization as Common as Believed? Patterns of Communalization and Othering Extending the Analysis: Development and Localization Materials and Methods Results Discussion 5. The Public Will to Act: The Effect of News Coverage on Public OpinionPolicy Learning Democratic Responsiveness and Policy Learning The News Media and Policy Learning Public Opinion and Policy Learning Localization and the Public Agenda - Theory and Hypotheses Experimental Design Results Discussion Conclusion 6. The Political Will to Act: Mandatory Retrofitting Ordinances in Los AngelesMaterials and Methods Structure of Presentation Public Will to Act Political Will to Act Discussion Conclusion 7. Beyond Plausibility: When the Media Makes it PossibleThe Plausibility of the Third-Person Effect Model Opportunities for DRR Adoption Which Events Create Opportunities for DRR? The Political and Conceptual Logic of Necessary Conditions Beyond DRR Policy 8. EpilogueAppendix 1Appendix 1A. Gathering the Newspaper articles. Appendix 1B. Taxonomy of Localization Appendix 1C. Coding Scheme Appendix 1D. Intercoder Reliability Tests. Appendix 2Appendix 2A. The Full Experimental DesignAppendix 2B. Comparisons between the Survey Sample and the CalifornianPopulation Appendix 2C. Willingness to Accept Costs of DRR Appendix 3Appendix 3A. Focal Questions for Interviews Appendix 3B. Recruitment Email for Interview Participants References