Sustainable Vehicle Technologies

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• LCAChapter 1: Energy demand assessment of electrified drivetrains in material extraction and system manufacturingAbstract1 Introduction2 Methodological approach3 State of the art of electric and hybrid vehicles4 Analysis of the material composition5 Analysis of the material extraction phase6 Analysis of the manufacturing phase7 Summary and sensitivity analysis8 Strategic opportunities and implicationsChapter 2: Evaluating and prioritising sustainable vehicle technologies: compliance, competition, conservation and contextAbstract1 Introduction2 Multiple Perspectives3 Value4 SVT Evaluation Process5 SVT Evaluation Frameworks6 ConclusionChapter 3: A life cycle assessment comparison of rapeseed biodiesel and conventional diesel1 Abstract2 Background3 Introduction to LCA4 LCA of biodiesel5 Results and discussion6 Concluding remarksChapter 4: Improving the sustainability of aluminium sheetAbstract1 Introduction2 Aluminium materials strategy3 Aluminium vehicle weight4 Sustainability – recycling benefits5 Sustainability – sources of recycled alumnium6 Sustainability - 5XXX sheet alloy developments7 Sustainability - brunel university ‘twin roll casting’8 Sustainability - recycling promotion9 Conclusions10 AcknowledgementsAppendix 1Chapter 5: Advanced phase powertrain design attribute and technology value mappingAbstract1 Introduction2 Product development costs3 Value engineering4 Consumer driven product5 What is an attribute and why is it important?6 The importance of systems engineering in practice7 Product value - innovation8 Product architecture9 Design for six sigma10 Proposed new methodology framework11 Conclusion12 Future developmentAcknowledgementFuelsChapter 6: Ammonia as a hydrogen energy carrier and its application to internal combustion enginesAbstract1 Introduction2 Energy expended in transporting fuel to consumers3 Energy storage in vehicles4 Engine combustion5 Practicality of heavy duty applications6 ConclusionChapter 7: Evolutionary decarbonization of transport: a contiguous roadmap to affordable mobility using sustainable organic fuels for transport1 Introduction: methanol as a transport fuel2 Methanol and higher hydrocarbon fuels from fully-sustainable sources3 Introducing methanol into the transport fuel system by using ternary blends in existing flex-fuel vehicles4 Experiments into engine load control and efficiency improvements utilizing pure methanol5 The role of taxation in realizing a carbon-free future6 A roadmap to a completely fossil-decarbonized future7 ConclusionsChapter 8: High pressure grid CNG: the low CO2 option for HGVsAbstract1 Executive summary2 Introduction3 Cng station design4 UK GAS GRID5 Energy used in compression to make cng from different gas grids pressure tiers6 Total CO2 Impact of compression7 Energy used for gas drying and link to pressure tiers8 Well-to-tank emissions of cng compared to diesel and gasoline9 Tank-to-wheel emissions for cng dual fuel compared to diesel10 ConclusionsChapter 9: Materials handling vehicles; an early market sector for hydrogen fuel cells within EuropeAbstract1 Material handling vehicles2 Policy approach3 European material handling projects4 ConclusionsAcknowledgementDuty CycleChapter 10: Electric vehicle efficiency mappingAbstract1 Introduction2 Description of technology3 Ev passenger car drive cycle range performance4 Ev range and efficiency mapping5 Drive cycle efficiency6 Charging and battery efficiencies7 Overall ev efficiency8 Summary and conclusions9 AcknowledgementsChapter 11: Dependence on technology, drivers, roads, and congestion of real-world vehicle fuel consumptionAbstract1 Introduction2 Covering the corners of vehicle emissions3 Fuel consumption as the lumped sum4 ConclusionsEnergy Usage ReductionChapter 12: The environmental case for bespoke double deck trailersAbstract1 Introduction2 Definition of a double-deck trailer3 The bulk collection, retail delivery trailer4 Other styles of bespoke double-deck trailer5 Future development potentialChapter 13: Aerodynamic drag reduction for low carbon vehiclesAbstract1 Introduction2 Vista EVX3 LCVTP4 Discussion5 ConclusionsChapter 14: Vehicle light weighting using a new CAE tool for predicting thin film defects in high strength castingsAbstract1 Introduction2 Technical challenge3 CAE Modelling4 ConclusionChapter 15: Vehicle optimisation for regenerative brake energy maximisationAbstract1 Introduction2 Simulation environment3 Verification4 Parametric studies5 ConclusionPropulsion (Energy Efficiency)Chapter 16: Direct heat recovery from the ICE exhaust gasAbstract1 Introduction2 Model Description and Validation3 Direct Heat Recovery Technologies4 Simulation over ESC-135 ConclusionsChapter 17: HyBoost – An intelligently electrified optimised downsized gasoline engine conceptAbstract1 Introduction2 Hyboost Concept3 Results and DiscussionAcknowledgementPropulsionChapter 18: Development of a range extended electric vehicle demonstratorAbstract1 Introduction2 Mahle Range Extender Engine3 Reev Demonstrator4 Reev Fuel Consumption Assessment5 ConclusionsChapter 19: Modelling and simulation of a fuel cell powered medium duty vehicle platformAbstract1 Introduction2 Subject Platform3 Propulsion Architectures4 Vehicle Model5 Drive Cycle6 Data Analysis7 Discussion8 Conclusions9 AcknowledgementsChapter 20: Auxiliary power units for range extended electric vehiclesAbstract1 Introduction2 Apu Requirements3 APU Options4 Engine Technology for APU Application5 Apu Technology Demonstrator6 ConclusionsAuthor Index