Strategies for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Francis A. Papay M.D., DSc (HON), F.A.C.S., FAAP is Professor of Surgery at the Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University and Chairman of the Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute and Chairman of the Department of Plastic Surgery at the Cleveland Clinic. He currently serves as the Chief Business Development Officer (Clinical) for Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Papay is a biomedical engineer and double boarded surgeon in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery with subspecialty fellowship training in skull base and craniofacial surgery. He has made important contributions to invention and innovation in surgery and medicine such as lead craniofacial surgeon for America’s First Face Transplantation and Cleveland Clinic’s three face transplantations, designer of instrumentation for neuromodulation of skull base nerve bundles for cluster migraine headaches, obstructive sleep apnea in addition to blood-brain-barrier drug delivery systems and ionic drug delivery systems for chronic wound treatment among other contributions in surgical navigation and artificial intelligence strategies in healthcare.He is the recipient of the Medal of Merit and Honorary Doctor of Science degree from Ohio University, the WebMD Health Hero Award in Science, a Special achievement in Innovation award from the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, the George and Grace Crile Surgical Award and Centennial Sones Innovation award from the Cleveland Clinic in addition to over 50 other awards and lectureships. He is the author of over 40 U.S. patents that have been licensed to biotech companies. He is co-founder of several Cleveland Clinic biotech and medical device startup companies in addition of being a co-founder of BrainX with Dr. Mathur. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters, and serves on the editorial review boards of several medical journals. Dr. Papay has been recently inducted as a fellow in the National Academy of Inventors in addition to serving in several subspecialty positions such as Director American Board of Plastic Surgery, President-Elect American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Society, Fellow American College of Surgeons and Fellow American Academy of Pediatrics. Piyush Mathur MD, FCCM is a Staff Anesthesiologist and Critical Care physician at Cleveland Clinic, Ohio with more than 20 years of clinician experience. He has also served in the role of the Quality Improvement Officer and chair, compliance committee, Anesthesiology Institute. He completed his medical school training in India from Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC,Pune) followed by residency in Anesthesiology and fellowship in Critical Care from Cleveland Clinic. He subsequently completed a one year, quality fellowship at Cleveland Clinic and training in computer programming, machine learning, deep learning and generative Ai. He is the past program director of the anesthesiology critical care fellowship program at Cleveland Clinic.A recognized leader in critical care, quality, education and artificial intelligence applications in healthcare, he has led many of the local and national programs including serving as the chair of the post-graduate education committee, coding and documentation education committee of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). He is currently a member of CPT editorial advisory committee, AMA(American Medical Association) and primary advisor, SCCM.Trained in computer programming, machine learning and deep learning, he is the founder of BrainX, an AI in healthcare application research and development company. He also founded, one of the largest groups for machine learning in healthcare, BrainX Community. He has focused his research on applications of artificial intelligence(AI) in healthcare for the last many years. He is a leader in quality and patient safety who has innovated and successfully implemented many algorithms and tools in electronic health records such as difficult airway identification(EPIC), anesthesia awareness alert (DSS, Talis), antibiotic alert (ACG, Talis).Recipient of multiple innovation awards at Cleveland Clinic, he is leading innovation efforts in integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence in healthcare. Current, projects include AIDE(Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis Engine), SALUS (robotic artificial intelligence patient safety system),BRAINS(Biologically Relational Artificial Intelligence Networking System).He is a recipient of numerous local and international awards including Institute of Healthcare Improvement(IHI) Permanante award and the prestigious Presidential citation from Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM).He has made numerous local, national and international presentations and publications in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, quality, education and artificial intelligence applications in healthcare.

• Preface. About the Author: Dr. Frank Papay. About the Author: Dr. Piyush Mathur. Section 1: The WHY (of AI in Healthcare). Chapter 1: History and Evolution of AI in Healthcare. Chapter 2: Purpose to Impact. Section 2: The WHO (of AI in Healthcare). Chapter 3: Team Building. Chapter 4: WHO-Building a Team for AI/ML. Section 3: The WHAT (of AI in Healthcare). Chapter 5: Healthcare Value Proposition. Chapter 6: Limitations of AI in Medicine. Chapter 7: Setting Project Objectives. Chapter 8: AI Regulation in Healthcare. Chapter 9: AI and Intellectual Property. Chapter 10: Data and Purposes in AI. Section 4: The HOW (of AI in Healthcare). Chapter 11: Algorithm Development Strategy. Chapter 12: From Vectors to Algorithms. Chapter 13: Modular Approach to Algorithm and AI Development. Chapter 14: Generative Artificial Intelligence. Chapter 15: User-Ability of AI Systems. Chapter 16: Application Integration of AI in Healthcare. Section 5: The WHEN (of AI in Healthcare). Chapter 17: Ethical Implications and Governance of AI. Chapter 18: The Debate on the Governance of AI. Chapter 19: Quantum Computing Strategies for Healthcare. Chapter 20: Future of AI in Healthcare. Section 6: About BrainX. Our Story. Suggested Readings