Social Work and Social Welfare

Jerry Marx, PhD, MSW, is a tenured, Associate Professor in the Department of Social Work at the University of New Hampshire, where he teaches in the undergraduate and graduate programs. In 2003, he received the Teaching Excellence Award from the U.N.H. College of Health and Human Services. Jerry's research interests are community and administrative practice.  His articles have appeared in Social Work, Administration In Social Work, the Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Nonprofit Management & Leadership, and the Journal of Technology in Human Services.   His scholarship resulted in a college research award in 1999 and an invitation to the first White House Conference on Philanthropy in 1999.  His first book is Social Welfare: The American Partnership, published with Allyn & Bacon. Jerry serves on the Editorial Boards of the Journal of Community Practice,  Journal of Evidence-based Practice, Social Work in Public Health and as a Reviewer for the Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Jerry received his Ph.D. from Boston College in 1994 and his MSW from Boston College in 1984.  Before earning his Ph.D., he served as Executive Director of a private nonprofit human service agency in Portland, Maine for eight years.  Fleur A. Hopper, MSW, is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Maine. She earned her Bachelor’s of Arts in Women’s Studies from Colby College and her Master’s of Social Work from the Boston College Graduate School of Social Work. Fleur has worked with children, adolescents, young adults and families in a variety of clinical social work settings, including residential treatment, public schools, college counseling and private practice. She has also worked in macro social work settings including nonprofit organizations and state government.   David Worster earned a Bachelor of Science in Education degree from Keene (NH) State College in 1973 and a Master of Social Work degree from University of Connecticut in 1983. Following graduation, David worked as a Senior Psychiatric Social Worker with developmentally disabled adults and was Director of Staff Development for NH Hospital. Since 1989, David has been the Director of Concord (NH) Hospital’s EAP.   David is a member of the Academy of Clinical Social Workers (ACSW), a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in New Hampshire and South Carolina and a Certified Employee Assistance Professional (CEAP).  David has served as an Adjunct Instructor for the UNH Department of Social Work since 1987 developing a specialty in teaching introductory social work classes. He was awarded a President’s Steward Award for teaching excellence in 2007.  Among his contributions to the literature have been articles on rural social work, diversity in the workplace, down-sizing and the rising cost of healthcare. David has served in numerous leadership roles with NH Chapter – NASW over the years.  He was elected to the Board of Directors of the International Employee Assistance Professionals Association (EAPA) in 1998 and is currently serving as that Association’s President.   Anne Broussard, Ph.D., MSW, is associate professor and department chair-elect of Social Work at the University of New Hampshire. She is the Principal Investigator for the Title IV-E Child Welfare Educational Partnership between the New Hampshire Department of Children, Youth and Families and the University. Dr. Broussard has chaired the Sociology and Social Welfare Division for the Society for the Study of Social Problems and currently serves on the editorial boards of The Journal of Poverty, The Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics and the Marriage and Family Review. Her research, which focuses on structural inequities in schools and in the health care system that put some families and children at risk, has appeared in a number of scholarly journals including Children and Schools, Equity and Excellence in Education, Health and Social Work, Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, and Social Work in Health Care. In 2008, she published Families in Diverse Contexts (New York: Routledge) with Alfred Joseph. Dr. Broussard earned her BA degree from the University of Texas and her MSW from Louisiana State University. She completed her Ph.D. in Sociology at Washington State University in 1986.

• ContentsPreface 1. Social Work as a ProfessionA Profession Defined                                                                                    Would you enjoy a career in Social Work?                             Social Work Defined  Core Competency: Human Rights and JusticeSocial Work in Relation to Social Welfare                                         Possible Careers in Social Work                                                      Social Work with Individuals                                                 Social Work with Families                                                                  Social Work with Groups                                                                   Social Work with Communities                                                          Social Workers in Administration                                                       Social Workers in Policy Practice       Core Competency: Policy Practice                                         Social Workers in Research                            Social Work in Relation to Other Professions                                    Social Work: A Values-based Profession                                        Values                                                             Core Competency: Professional Identity                    Ethics                                                                                                  Competence in Relation to Diversity and Individual Dignity            Core Competency: Diversity in PracticeSocial Justice and Human Rights                                                       Strengths and Empowerment                                                 Baccalaureate Social Work Education                                                        The Future of Social Work                                                              Chapter Summary                                                                            PRACTICE TESTMySocialWorkLab 2. Theoretical and Conceptual Models of Social WorkThe Complexity of Social Work Theory and Practice                               Human Behavior and the Social Environment                               Multidimensional View: The Biopsychosocial Model of HBSE        Biological Domain                                                                              Psychological Domain            Core Competency: Human BehaviorSocial Domain                                                                         Core Competency: Diversity in Practice Expanding Our Perspective: The Spiritual and Physical DomainsCore Competency: Practice ContextsSystems Theory and Social Work Practice                                     The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice                                   Chapter Summary                                                                Practice TestMySocialWorkLab 3. Basic Concepts in Social Welfare Social Welfare: A Conceptualization          Core Competency: Human rights and Justice                                     Ideological Input                                                                                Economic Institutions             Core Competency: Practice Contexts                                                 Political Institutions    Core Competency: Policy Practice                                                                 Social Institutions                                                                               Outcome: Societal Well-Being           Core Competency: Critical Thinking                                      Chapter Summary                                                                           Practice TestMySocialWorkLab 4. Generalist Social Work PracticeRoles and Functions of Social Work           Core Competency: Diversity in Practice                                             The Nature of Helping Relationships          Core Competency: Professional Identity                                            Diversity and Cultural Competency            Core Competency: Ethical Practice                                        Engagement                                                                                       Data Collection and Assessment      Core Competency: Research Based Practice                                      Family Assessments                                                                            Group Assessments                                                                             Organization and Community Assessment                            Planning and Contracting                                                                Intervention in Generalist Social Work                                           Generalist Social Work with Individuals                                            Generalist Social Work with FamiliesGeneralist Social Work with Groups                                      Generalist Social Work with Organizations and Communities          Termination                                                                                       Chapter Summary                                                                            Practice TestMySocialWorkLab 5. Social Work and Social Justice: Diversity, Difference, and OppressionChapter Outline        Human Difference and Diversity                 Core Competency: Critical ThinkingDiverse Peoples of the United States                                                           Major Social Groups in the United States                  Core Competency: Diversity in PracticeCore Competency: Human Rights and JusticeOrganizing Principals of Diversity and Difference in Society      Social Groups                                                                          Inequality: Discrimination and Prejudice                                           Inequality: Domination and Subordination                            Identity           Core Competency: Practice Contexts Oppression, Power and Privilege                                                        The Lived Experience of Oppression: “The isms”                         Racism                                                                                                Ethnocentrism                                                                         Xenophobia                                                                             Classism                                                                                              Sexism                                                                                     Homophobia and Heterosexism                                                         Ableism                                                                                               Social Work and Social Justice                                                                   Empowering Practices: Social Justice in Action                                 Practice Focus: Strengths-Based Practice                                           Chapter Summary                                                                            Practice TestMySocialWorkLab 6:  History of Social Work and Social WelfareThe Beginnings of a U.S. Social Welfare System                           Caring for the Poor: Poverty and the Workhouse                              The Central Role of Organized Religion and The First Amendment The Influence of American philanthropy                                                        Industrialization of America                                                                      The Poor Laborer                                                                                The Antipauper Movement                                                                 The Growth of Private Nonprofit Agencies for the Poor                   The Development of Charity Organization Societies             Core Competency: Professional IdentityThe Progressive Era                Core Competency: Human Behavior                                                  The Social Advocacy of Women and the Settlement Houses            Business Charitable Contributions: The Growth of Community Chests and Service ClubsThe Great Depression and Creation of a National Social Welfare System                      The Great Depression                                                             The New Deal                                                                                     The Role of Social Work in the New Deal                                         Successes and Failures of the New Deal        Core Competency: Ethical Practice                            Lyndon B. Johnson and the Great Society                         The Great Society                                                                               Nixon and the Federal Social Welfare Partnership                                   The Women’s Movement                                                                 Impact of the Civil Rights and Women’s Movements on Professional Social WorkCore Competency: Insert Margin Note 6.4Reagan and New Federalism                                                                       The First President Bush: George H.W. Bush                                    Bill Clinton and Welfare Reform                                                        Developments in Social Work                                                            Social Welfare Developments: 2000-Present                          Chapter Summary                                                                            Practice TestMySocialWorkLab 7: Poverty and Social WelfareIntroduction to Poverty                                                              Definition and Causes of Poverty                                                          Defining and Measuring Poverty                                            Federal Poverty Thresholds and Guidelines               Current Federal Poverty Thresholds: Problems and AlternativesCore Competency: Social Policy Who are the Poor?                                                                  Demographic Trends in Poverty                                             Causes of Poverty                                                                                   Economic System Factors: Work, Income, and the Labor Market                 Education and “Human Capital”                                            Oppression and Discrimination           Core Competency: Human Rights The Impact of Changing Family Structures                Core Competency: Critical ThinkingThe “Culture of Poverty”                                                        Publicly Funded Services to the Poor                                        Social Insurance Programs                                                     Unemployment Insurance                                                                   Workers’ Compensation                                                         Public Assistance Programs                                                                   Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) Core Competency: Practice ContextsSupplemental Security Income                                    General Assistance                                                                  Current Issues in Public Assistance: A Critical Analysis of Welfare Reform                                                                       Food and Shelter Programs                                                                   Food Stamps                                                                            The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)            Public Housing and Section 8 Housing Assistance Contributions of Business and the Private Nonprofit Sector to Housing                                                                        Current Shelter Issues: The Homeless                                    Other Publicly Funded Programs in American Social Welfare                                                                                    Chapter Summary                                                                                  Practice TestMySocialWorkLab 8:  Health, Healthcare and Medical Social WorkSocial Workers in the Healthcare Profession                                             Major Health Problems                                                                                Heart Disease                                                                                      Cancer                                                                                     Obesity                                                                                                Asthma