Small Animal Pathology for Veterinary Technicians

Amy Johnson, BS, LVT, RLATG, CVJ, is Senior Continuing Education Manager at VETgirl, a subscription-based online veterinary continuing education company owned by Mars Animal Health under the umbrella of Blue Pearl Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospitals. She has 13 years of experience teaching veterinary technician students and has worked in small animal emergency and general practices and in university research labs. She is also a speaker at national conferences.

• Preface xxiiiAcknowledgment xxvAbout the Companion Website xxvii1 Introduction 1The Veterinary Technician’s Role in Pathology 1Technician Duties and Required Skills 1Diagnosis 3Immunity 3Factors Involved in Infectious Disease 4Common Terminology Necessary for Understanding Pathology 4Disinfection 5Further Reading 72 Canine Infectious Disease 9Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) or Hard Pad Disease 9Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) 13Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAV-1) or Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) 16Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis or Kennel Cough 18Leptospirosis 20Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) or Dog Flu 23Further Reading 243 Feline Infectious Disease 27Feline Panleukopenia (FPV) Feline Distemper, Feline Parvo, Feline Infectious Enteritis 27Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) 30Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) or Feline Aids 33Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP or FIPV) 35Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 38Toxoplasmosis 40Further Reading 424 Rabies 45Rabies Virus 45Further Reading 495 Respiratory Disease 51Feline Asthma, Feline Bronchial Asthma, or Feline Allergic Bronchitis 51Canine Bronchitis or Allergic Canine Bronchitis 53Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) 53Respiratory Neoplasia 55Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) 59Rhinitis and Sinusitis 59Collapsing Trachea (Tracheal Collapse) 61Pneumonia 62Pneumothorax 63Diaphragmatic Hernia 66Nasopharyngeal Polyps 67Further Reading 686 Gastrointestinal Tract Disease 71Periodontal Disease or Periodontitis 71Cleft Palate or Congenital Oronasal Fistula 73Papilloma or Puppy Warts 74Epulis 75Oral Melanoma 78Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 81Oral Fibrosarcoma 82Salivary Sialocele, Mucocele, or Salivary Gland Cyst 83Megaesophagus or Acquired Esophageal Paralysis 87Esophageal Obstructions or Foreign Bodies 89Vascular Ring Anomaly (VRA) or Persistent Right Aortic Arch (PRAA) 91Gastroesophageal Reflux 92Acute Gastritis 93Gastric Ulcers 94Gastrointestinal Obstructions 94Pyloric Stenosis or Chronic Hypertrophic Gastropathy 95Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV) 98Intussusception 100Linear Foreign Bodies 101Chronic Enteropathy (Used To Be Called Inflammatory Bowel Disease or IBD) 103Megacolon 104Intestinal Neoplasia 106Cholangiohepatitis 106Portosystemic Shunt (PSS) or Portal Caval Shunt 109Feline Hepatic Lipidosis (FHL) or Fatty Liver Disease 110Hepatic Neoplasia 112Acute Pancreatitis 113Chronic Pancreatitis 115Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) or Pancreatic Maldigestion 116Pancreatic Neoplasia 117Further Reading 1187 Urinary Tract Disease 121Bacterial Cystitis or Urinary Tract Infection 121Pyelonephritis 123Urolithiasis, Urinary Calculi, or Urinary Stones 124Urinary Obstruction or Blocked Tom 126Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) 129Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) or Acute Renal Failure (ARF) 130Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), or Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) 132Further Reading 1348 Reproductive Disease 135Vaginitis 135Pyometra 136Dystocia 138Mastitis 139Mammary Neoplasia 140Prostate Disease 141Testicular Disease 142Male Reproductive Neoplasia 143Further Reading 1459 Endocrine Disease 147Hyperthyroidism 147Hypothyroidism 149Hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s Syndrome 150Hypoadrenocorticism or Addison’s Disease 152Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Sugar Diabetes 153Diabetes Insipidus (DI) Weak or Watery Diabetes 155Further Reading 15610 Ophthalmic Disease 157Conjunctivitis or Pink Eye 157Epiphora 158Third Eyelid Prolapse or Cherry Eye 159Entropion/Ectropion 160Glaucoma 161Corneal Ulcers 164Chronic Superficial Keratitis or Pannus 165Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) or Dry Eye 166Anterior Uveitis, Iridocyclitis, or Soft Eye 167Cataracts 168Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) or Progressive Retinal Degeneration (PRD) 169Further Reading 16911 Integumentary Disease 171Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) 171Ticks 173Otodetic Mange or Ear Mites 175Sarcoptes or Scabes or Sarcoptic Mange 175Demodex or Demodectic Mange or Demodicosis 177Pediculosis or Lice 179Cuterebra Larvae or Botfly Larvae 181Facultative Myiasis-Producing Flies or Maggots 182Yeast 183Dermatophytosis or Ringworm 184Pyoderma or Bacterial Folliculitis 187Seborrhea 188Acute Moist Dermatitis or Traumatic Dermatitis or Hot Spots 189Atopy or Allergic Dermatitis 190Food Allergy 192Epidermal Inclusion Cysts or Sebaceous Cysts 193Feline Acne 194Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor (MCT) 195Cutaneous Histiocytoma 197Melanoma 198Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 199Lipoma 200Further Reading 20012 Musculoskeletal Disease 203Bone Fractures 203Osteosarcoma (OSA) 209Panosteitis (Pano) 210Osteoarthritis or Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) 212Hip Dysplasia 213Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) 216Patellar Luxation 217Cranial or Anterior Cruciate Ligament (CCL or ACL) Rupture or Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) 219Intervertebral Disk Disease (IVDD) 223Myasthenia Gravis 225References 22613 Hematologic and Lymph Disease 229Anemia 229Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) 232Absolute Erythrocytosis or Polycythemia 235Malignant Lymphoma or Lymphosarcoma (LSA) 236Multiple Myeloma (Plasma Cell Tumor) 238Chylothorax 239Primary Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (PIMT) or Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia 240Hemophilia 243Von Willebrand’s Disease 244Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC) 245Rodenticide Toxicity 246Feline Aortic Thromboembolism (FATE) or Feline Saddle Thrombus 247References 24914 Diseases of Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chinchillas 251Urolithiasis/Bladder Sludge 251Gastric Stasis 253Ulcerative Pododermatitis, Bumblefoot, or Sore Hock 255Malocclusion or Slobbers 256Heat Stroke 258Respiratory Infection 259Mastitis 260Rabbit Hairballs or Trichobezoar 261Rabbit Bupthalmia 262Rabbit Uterine Adenocarcinoma 263Scurvy 264Enterotoxemia 265Streptococcal Lymphadenitis, Cervical Lymphadenitis, or Lumps 266Cavian Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 267Cavian Leukemia/Lymphosarcoma 268Guinea Pig Dystocia 268Chinchilla Fur Slip and Fur Chewing 269Chinchilla Gastric Tympany (Bloat) 270Further Reading 27115 Diseases of Ferrets 273Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumor or Insulinoma 273Adrenal Disease or Hyperadrenocorticism 275Aplastic Anemia/Estrogen Toxicity 277Lymphoma /Lymphosarcoma 278Influenza 279Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis (ECE) or Green Slime Diarrhea 280Ferret Systemic Coronavirus (FRSCV) or Ferret FIP 282Canine Distemper 283Gastric Foreign Bodies 284Further Reading 28516 Diseases of Hamsters, Gerbils, and Rats 287Malocclusions 287Proliferative Ileitis, Proliferative Enteritis, or Wet Tail 289Antibiotic-Associated Enterotoxemia or Clostridial Enteropathy 290Tyzzer’s Disease or Clostridium piliforme 291Respiratory Infections 291Neoplasia 293Ulcerative Pododermatitis or Bumblefoot 295Chromodacryorrhea or Red Tears 296Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis or Hamster Nephrosis or Renal Failure 297Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) 298Gerbil Epileptiform Seizures 299Gerbil Tail Slip or Tail Degloving 299Further Reading 300Index 301