James T. McHugh is professor and former chair at the Department of Political Science at the University of Akron and adjunct lecturer of political science at the University of Vermont.

• AcknowledgmentsPrefacePart I: Background, Theory, and ContextChapter 1: Senatus Publiusque CanadeseChapter 2: A Counterintuitive Approach to Senate Reform in CanadaChapter 3: The Upper House as a Belief Chapter 4: Historical Continuity of the SenateChapter 5: Assessing Reform—Neo-Institutional and Related Strategies Part II: Application and Idealized Constitutional ReformChapter 6: Constitutional Amendment, Part I—Legislative PowersChapter 7: Constitutional Amendment, Part II—Membership, Representation, and FederalismChapter 8: Constitutional Amendment, Part III—Appointment, Partisanship, Diversity, Democratic TheoryChapter 9: Constitutional Amendment, Part IV—Official Language Protection, Nomination Oversight, Structural FeaturesPart III: Observations and Non-Constitutional ReformChapter 10: Scandal and Its Constitutional AftermathChapter 11: The Senate as It Is, Could Be, and Ought to Be: Non-Constitutional ReformAppendix A: Constitution Act of 1867 in Respect of the Senate of Canada as AmendedAppendix B: An Agreement on Practices Relating to the Senate of CanadaBibliographyAbout the Author

The Canadian Senate is going through the greatest reform in its history as it transitions from a Chamber where supporters of two political parties have alternated with mixed success at providing the” sober second thought” envisaged by the founders to a Chamber of independent members who consider themselves non-partisan and plan to conduct themselves accordingly. There are still many bugs to work out mainly because this completely new approach to Senate reform has absolutely no theoretical foundation. Professor McHugh’s impressive accomplishment is not only to look at the Senate as it existed before the current reform but to provide an intellectual basis for how the reform can be carried to a successful conclusion. Let us hope that the new generation of independent senators and scholars take the time to read this book.

James T. McHugh is professor and former chair at the Department of Political Science at the University of Akron and adjunct lecturer of political science at the University of Vermont.

• AcknowledgmentsPrefacePart I: Background, Theory, and ContextChapter 1: Senatus Publiusque CanadeseChapter 2: A Counterintuitive Approach to Senate Reform in CanadaChapter 3: The Upper House as a Belief Chapter 4: Historical Continuity of the SenateChapter 5: Assessing Reform—Neo-Institutional and Related Strategies Part II: Application and Idealized Constitutional ReformChapter 6: Constitutional Amendment, Part I—Legislative PowersChapter 7: Constitutional Amendment, Part II—Membership, Representation, and FederalismChapter 8: Constitutional Amendment, Part III—Appointment, Partisanship, Diversity, Democratic TheoryChapter 9: Constitutional Amendment, Part IV—Official Language Protection, Nomination Oversight, Structural FeaturesPart III: Observations and Non-Constitutional ReformChapter 10: Scandal and Its Constitutional AftermathChapter 11: The Senate as It Is, Could Be, and Ought to Be: Non-Constitutional ReformAppendix A: Constitution Act of 1867 in Respect of the Senate of Canada as AmendedAppendix B: An Agreement on Practices Relating to the Senate of CanadaBibliographyAbout the Author

The Canadian Senate is going through the greatest reform in its history as it transitions from a Chamber where supporters of two political parties have alternated with mixed success at providing the” sober second thought” envisaged by the founders to a Chamber of independent members who consider themselves non-partisan and plan to conduct themselves accordingly. There are still many bugs to work out mainly because this completely new approach to Senate reform has absolutely no theoretical foundation. Professor McHugh’s impressive accomplishment is not only to look at the Senate as it existed before the current reform but to provide an intellectual basis for how the reform can be carried to a successful conclusion. Let us hope that the new generation of independent senators and scholars take the time to read this book.

James T. McHugh is professor and former chair at the Department of Political Science at the University of Akron and adjunct lecturer of political science at the University of Vermont.

• AcknowledgmentsPrefacePart I: Background, Theory, and ContextChapter 1: Senatus Publiusque CanadeseChapter 2: A Counterintuitive Approach to Senate Reform in CanadaChapter 3: The Upper House as a Belief Chapter 4: Historical Continuity of the SenateChapter 5: Assessing Reform—Neo-Institutional and Related Strategies Part II: Application and Idealized Constitutional ReformChapter 6: Constitutional Amendment, Part I—Legislative PowersChapter 7: Constitutional Amendment, Part II—Membership, Representation, and FederalismChapter 8: Constitutional Amendment, Part III—Appointment, Partisanship, Diversity, Democratic TheoryChapter 9: Constitutional Amendment, Part IV—Official Language Protection, Nomination Oversight, Structural FeaturesPart III: Observations and Non-Constitutional ReformChapter 10: Scandal and Its Constitutional AftermathChapter 11: The Senate as It Is, Could Be, and Ought to Be: Non-Constitutional ReformAppendix A: Constitution Act of 1867 in Respect of the Senate of Canada as AmendedAppendix B: An Agreement on Practices Relating to the Senate of CanadaBibliographyAbout the Author

The Canadian Senate is going through the greatest reform in its history as it transitions from a Chamber where supporters of two political parties have alternated with mixed success at providing the” sober second thought” envisaged by the founders to a Chamber of independent members who consider themselves non-partisan and plan to conduct themselves accordingly. There are still many bugs to work out mainly because this completely new approach to Senate reform has absolutely no theoretical foundation. Professor McHugh’s impressive accomplishment is not only to look at the Senate as it existed before the current reform but to provide an intellectual basis for how the reform can be carried to a successful conclusion. Let us hope that the new generation of independent senators and scholars take the time to read this book.