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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 168.The distribution of H2O in the Earth is under debate. Although liquid water covers 70% of the surface, the oceans represent only about 0.025% of the planet's mass-far less water than thought to have been present during Earth's formation. If our planet is "missing" most of its original water, could it reside in the mantle? Can we detect it seismically?Recognition of the capacity of some deep-mantle minerals to absorb water has propelled an interdisciplinary field of research addressing these two questions, and more. Earth's Deep Water Cycle advances the field with experimental, modeling, and seismic studies that focus on the physical characteristics of "hydrated" minerals, the potentially H2O-rich transition zone (410-660 km depth), and our detection abilities.Integrated perspectives from four fields of research are featured: Mineral physics and geochemistrySeismology and electrical conductivityProperties of deep hydrous mantleGlobal models and consequences of a deep-Earth water cycleFrom experimental synthesis and physical properties measurements to geophysical observations and geodynamic modeling, we are beginning to understand what parameters and data are needed to detect or refute the possibility of water in the deep Earth.
Steven D. Jacobsen and Suzan van der Lee are the authors of Earth's Deep Water Cycle, published by Wiley.
PrefaceSteven D. Jacobsen and Suzan van der Lee viiI. OverviewsNominally Anhydrous Minerals and Earth’s Deep Water CycleJoseph R. Smyth and Steven D. Jacobsen 1Seismological Constraints on Earth’s Deep Water CycleSuzan van der Lee and Douglas A. Wiens 13II. Water Storage and Stability of Hydrous Phases in the MantlePhase Relations of Hydrous Peridotite: Implications for Water Circulation in the Earth’s MantleTetsuya Komabayashi 29Hydrogen Incorporation in Natural Mantle OlivinesJed L. Mosenfelder, Thomas G. Sharp, Paul D. Asimow, and George R. Rossman 45Water in Transition Zone and Lower Mantle MineralsNathalie Bolfan-Casanova, Catherine A. McCammon, and Stephen J. Mackwell 57Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Hydrous and Nominally Anhydrous Deep Mantle PhasesAnnette K. Kleppe and Andrew P. Jephcoat 69III. Physical Properties of a Deep Hydrous MantleInfluence of Water on Major Phase Transitions in the Earth’s MantleKonstantin D. Litasov, Eiji Ohtani, and Asami Sano 95Influence of Hydrogen-Related Defects on the Electrical Conductivityand Plastic Deformation of Mantle Minerals: A Critical ReviewShun-ichiro Karato 113Effect of Water on the Sound Velocities of Ringwoodite in the Transition ZoneSteven D. Jacobsen and Joseph R. Smyth 131High-Pressure and High-Temperature Stability and Equation of State ofSuperhydrous Phase BToru Inoue, Takayuki Ueda, Yuji Higo, Akihiro Yamada, Tetsuo Irifune, and Ken-ichi Funakoshi 147 Phase Diagram and Physical Properties of H2O at High Pressures and Temperatures:Applications to Planetary InteriorsJung-Fu Lin, Eric Schwegler, and Choong-Shik Yoo 159IV. Observational Constraints on Water in the Deep MantleWater Content in the Mantle Transition Zone Beneath the North Pacific Derived From the Electrical Conductivity AnomalyTakao Koyama, Hisayoshi Shimizu, Hisashi Utada, Masahiro Ichiki, Eiji Ohtani, and Ryota Hae 171A Water-Rich Transition Zone Beneath the Eastern United States and Gulf of MexicoFrom Multiple ScS ReverberationsAnna M. Courtier and Justin Revenaugh 181Low Velocity Zone Atop the Transition Zone in the Western US From S Waveform TriplicationTeh-Ru Alex Song and Don V. Helmberger 195Mantle Transition Zone Thickness in the Central South-American Subduction ZoneJochen Braunmiller, Suzan van der Lee, Lindsey Doermann 215Towards Mapping the Three-Dimensional Distribution of Water in the Upper MantleFrom Velocity and Attenuation TomographyAzusa Shito, Shun-ichiro Karato, Kyoko N. Matsukage, and Yu Nishihara 225Towards Mapping the Three-Dimensional Distribution of Water in the Transition ZoneFrom P-Velocity Tomography and 660-Km Discontinuity DepthsDaisuke Suetsugu, Toru Inoue, Akira Yamada, Dapeng Zhao, and Masayuki Obayashi 237Seismic Evidence for Subduction-Transported Water in the Lower MantleJesse F. Lawrence and Michael E. Wysession 251V. Models of a Deep Water CycleImplications of Subduction Rehydration for Earth’s Deep Water CycleLars Rüpke, Jason Phipps Morgan, and Jacqueline Eaby Dixon 263Petrologic Structure of a Hydrous 410 km DiscontinuityMarc M. Hirschmann, Anthony C. Withers, and Cyril Aubaud 277The Transition-Zone Water Filter Model for Global Material Circulation:Where do we Stand?Shun-ichiro Karato, David Bercovici, Garrett Leahy, Guillaume Richard and Zhicheng Jing 289
