Geopolitical realignment, climate disruption, demographic shifts, and technological transformation present risks with no historical precedent. Pension systems are breaking under the weight of aging populations. Semiconductor production concentrates in a single geopolitical flashpoint. AI is reshaping everything from energy demand to the future of work to the waging of war. These are not future risks. They exist now. Yet our current approaches toward risk cannot see them, leaving institutions exposed when these transformations strike. This open access book presents a fundamental reimagining of how we manage risk. It demonstrates that material risks cannot be reduced to statistics or confined to financial markets. They are rooted in the physical world: supply chains, demographic realities, geography, and human behavior. The transformation occurs across five dimensions: Financial to PhysicalMaterial constraints drive markets, not the reverse. Statistical to StructuralDependencies matter more than correlations. Static to DynamicSystems adapt as participants respond to them. Mechanical to HumanInterpretation, reflexivity, and contingency shape outcomes. Numbers to NarrativesDecisions happen in conversations, not spreadsheets. Essential reading for chief risk officers, asset owners and allocators, policymakers and anyone responsible for navigating risks that are reshaping economies and societies.