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Focusing on the hybrid maritime world of Hong Kong, Pearl River Delta and West River in the last two decades of the late Qing period, this work tells a vivid trading and competition story of previously unknown private Chinese traders and junk masters. This challenges the prevailing view of the domination of China’s maritime trade by modern foreign steamships. Making use of unpublished Kowloon Maritime Customs and British diplomatic records in the late 19th and early 20th century, Henry Sze Hang Choi convincingly shows how these private Chinese traders flexibly adopted to the foreign-dominated maritime customs agencies and treaty port system in defending their Chinese homeland stronghold against the invasion of foreign economic power.
Henry Sze Hang Choi, Ph.D. (University of Hong Kong, 2013), is Assistant Professor of History at Hong Kong Shue Yan University. He has published, in both Chinese and English, numerous books and articles about the history of Hong Kong and China.
ContentsPrefaceList of Maps, Illustrations, Tables and DiagramsNotes on English Spelling of Chinese Place NamesConversion Table of Currency1 Introduction2 Chinese Junks and Foreign Steamships in Canton River Delta2.1 What were Chinese Junks?2.2 Cost Differences between Junks, Steamships and Railway2.3 The Maritime Trade of Canton River Delta and Hong Kong2.4 Conclusion3 The West River3.1 The Survey Trips of the West River before Its Opening3.2 James Legge’s Trip of the West River3.3 Tourist Tours in Canton and the West River3.4 The Unsolved Difficulties for Foreign Commercial Travelers3.5 The Question of Inland Steam Navigation on the West River3.6 The West River Trade3.7 Conclusion4 Hybrid Chinese Shipping: Foreign-Flagged Chinese Junks and Chinese Steam Tugs4.1 The Establishment of the Kowloon Customs and the Regulation of Chinese Junks from 18874.2 The Problem of Foreign-Flagged Chinese Junks before the Mackay Treaty4.3 The Mackay Treaty of 19024.4 The Continuous Plying of Foreign-Flagged Junks between Hong Kong and Canton after the Mackay Treaty4.5 Foreign-Flagged Steamers in Chinese Waters4.6 The Problems of Chinese Steam Launches and Steam Tugs4.7 Case Study: Tai Li Steam Launch4.8 Conclusion5 Piracy and Shipping Strategies on the West River5.1 Piracy on the West River5.2 Measures to Suppress Piracy on the West River5.3 The Case of S.S. Sainam Piracy5.4 Conclusion6 Epilogue: Years after 1910AppendicesA Revised Inland Steam Navigation Regulations, 1898B The Excerpt of the Mackay Treaty, 1902C Schedule A of Chinese Passengers Act of 1855D Prospectus and Regulations of the Swatow Ch’ao-yang and Kit-yang Steam Launch CompanyBibliographyIndex