Propaganda & Persuasion

Garth S. Jowett is a professor of communications at the University of Houston. He obtained his PhD in history and communication from the University of Pennsylvania. He has served as the director for social research for the Canadian government′s department of communication and has been a consultant to various international communication agencies. He has been widely published in the area of popular culture and the history of communication. His book, Film: The Democratic Art (1976), was a benchmark in film history. His other publications include, Movies as Mass Communication, Children and the Movies: Media Influence and the Payne Fund Studies, and Readings in Propaganda and Persuasion, co-edited with Victoria O′Donnell. He is on the boards of several communication and film journals. Victoria O’Donnell is Professor Emerita and former director of the University Honors Program and Professor of Communication at Montana State University–Bozeman. She also taught a seminar in television criticism for the School of Film and Photography at Montana State University. Previously she was the chair of the Department of Speech Communication at Oregon State University and chair of the Department of Communication and Public Address at the University of North Texas. In 1988 she taught for the American Institute of Foreign Studies at the University of London. She received her PhD from the Pennsylvania State University. She has published articles and chapters in a wide range of journals and books on topics concerning persuasion, the social effects of media, women in film and television, British politics, Nazi propaganda, collective memory, cultural studies theory, and science fiction films of the 1950s. She is also the author (with June Kable) of Persuasion: An Interactive-Dependency Approach, Propaganda and Persuasion (with Garth Jowett), Readings in Propaganda and Persuasion: New and Classic Essays (co-edited with Garth Jowett), Television Criticism, and Speech Communication. She made a film, Women, War, and Work: Shaping Space for Productivity in the Shipyards During World War II, for PBS through KUSM Public Television at Montana State University. She has also written television scripts for environmental films and has done voice-overs for several PBS films. She served on editorial boards of several journals. The recipient of numerous research grants, honors, and teaching awards, including being awarded the Honor Professorship at North Texas State University and the Montana State University Alumni Association and Bozeman Chamber of Commerce Award of Excellence, she has been a Danforth Foundation Associate and a Summer Scholar of the National Endowment for the Humanities. She has taught in Germany and has been a visiting lecturer at universities in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Wales. She has also served as a private consultant to the U.S. government, a state senator, the tobacco litigation plaintiffs, and many American corporations. She is an active volunteer with Intermountain Therapy Animals, taking her Golden Retriever, Gabriel, to the elementary schools where the children read to the dog in the R.E.A.D. program. She writes children’s stories about Gabriel. She is currently writing a novel about Ireland.

• PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1: What Is Propaganda, and How Does It Differ From Persuasion?Propaganda DefinedJowett and O’Donnell’s Definition of PropagandaForms of PropagandaSubpropaganda/Facilitative CommunicationChapter 2: A Model of PropagandaCommunication DefinedPropaganda and InformationPropaganda and PersuasionPersuasion DefinedPersuasion Is TransactionalResponses to PersuasionBeliefsValuesAttitudesBehaviorGroup NormsResonancePersuasion Seeks Voluntary ChangeMisleading and Manipulating an AudienceRhetorical Background and the Ethics of PersuasionRhetoric and PropagandaPropaganda as a Form of CommunicationConcealed PurposeConcealed IdentityControl of Information FlowThe Management of Public OpinionThe Manipulation of BehaviorThe Demagogue/PropagandistOverview of the BookChapter 3: Propaganda Through the AgesAncient Greece and Alexander the GreatAlexander the GreatImperial RomePropaganda and ReligionThe Rise of ChristianityThe CrusadesThe Reformation and Counter-ReformationThe Counter-ReformationThe Emergence of PropagandaThe American RevolutionThe French Revolution and NapoleonPropaganda in the 19th Century: The American Civil WarChapter 4: Propaganda InstitutionalizedThe New AudienceThe Emergence of Mass SocietyThe Emergence of the Propaganda CritiqueThe New MediaPrint MediaMoviesOliver Stone’s Untold History of the United States`Hollywood and Washington NexusMichael Moore and Fahrenheit 9/11BarbenheimerRadioCurrent International Radio PropagandaU.S. Government International BroadcastingRadio and TV MartiTelevisionThe Nature of TelevisionTelevision as PropagandaThe Emergence of Cable NewsAdvertising: The Ubiquitous PropagandaInstitutional PropagandaDigital AdvertisingThe Science of AdvertisingThe Role of Advertising in Persuasion Digital Propaganda Threats: Intentional Mischief and MaliceChapter 5: Propaganda and Persuasion ExaminedThe Modern Study of Propaganda and PersuasionPropaganda in World War IThe Aftermath of World War I and the Growing Concern About PropagandaThe Social Sciences and the Study of PropagandaResearch in Propaganda and PersuasionThe Study of AttitudesWorld War II and Research in CommunicationThe Yale StudiesConsistency TheoriesTheory of Exposure LearningSocial Judgment TheoryResistance to PersuasionMcGuire’s Model of PersuasionDiffusion of InnovationsRecent Research on AttitudesResearch on Persuasion and BehaviorThe Influence of the MediaViolence and the MediaCultivation StudiesProsocial Behaviors and TelevisionThe Agenda-Setting Function of the MediaUses and Gratifications TheoryUses and Dependency TheoryThe Internet and Digital InnovationsLimitations of Effects ResearchCultural StudiesCollective Memory StudiesSummaryGeneralizations About Propaganda and Persuasion EffectsChapter 6: Propaganda and Psychological WarfareWorld War I and the Fear of PropagandaBritish PropagandaGerman PropagandaAmerican PropagandaAtrocity PropagandaReaction to World War I PropagandaThe Interwar Years, 1920 to 1939The Emergence of Communist PropagandaAmerican IsolationismHuey Pierce Long Jr.Fr. Charles Coughlin, SJThe Institute for Propaganda AnalysisHitler and Nazi PropagandaWorld War IIPost–World War II ConflictsThe Korean War, 1950 to 1953The Korean War and the “Brainwashing” IssueThe Vietnam WarThe Gulf of Tonkin Incident“Hearts and Minds”: The Propaganda CampaignThe WarThe MediaThe 1991 Gulf War: Mobilization of World Public OpinionUsing Metaphor and Imagery in the Gulf WarThe “Nayirah” IncidentThe Aftermath (2005): The Invasion of Afghanistan and IraqA Modern World of PropagandaInternational Sports2020 Summer OlympicsFreedom of Speech and New TechnologiesThe Patriot ActWikiLeaksNegative CounterpropagandaChapter 7: How to Analyze PropagandaThe Ideology and Purpose of the Propaganda CampaignThe Context in Which the Propaganda OccursIdentification of the PropagandistThe Structure of the Propaganda OrganizationThe Target AudienceMedia Utilization TechniquesSpecial Techniques to Maximize EffectPredispositions of the Audience: Creating ResonanceSource CredibilityOpinion LeadersFace-to-Face ContactGroup NormsReward and PunishmentMonopoly of the Communication SourceVisual Symbols of PowerPolitical VisualsArchitectural VisualsLanguage UsageMusic as PropagandaArousal of EmotionsAudience Reaction to Various TechniquesCounterpropagandaEffects and EvaluationChapter 8: Propaganda in Action: Four Case StudiesCase Study 1: Women and War: Work, Housing, and ChildcareThe Context, Ideology, and Purpose of the Propaganda CampaignIdentification of the Propagandist and the Structure of the Propaganda OrganizationThe Target AudienceMedia Utilization TechniquesSpecial Techniques to Maximize EffectAudience Reaction to Various TechniquesEffects and EvaluationCase Study 2: Propaganda and Climate ChangeThe Context, Ideology, and Purpose of the Propaganda CampaignIdentification of the Propagandist and Structure of the Propaganda OrganizationThe Target AudiencePropaganda TechniquesCounterpropagandaEffects and EvaluationCase Study 3: Big Pharma: Marketing Disease and DrugsIdeology and Purpose of the Propaganda CampaignThe Context in Which the Propaganda Occurs: The Medicalization of SocietyIdentification of the Propagandist and Structure of the OrganizationsThe Target AudienceMedia Utilization TechniquesSpecial Techniques to Maximize EffectsTelevision Advertising“Me-Too” DrugsGeneric DrugsClinical TrialsGhostwritten Articles in Medical JournalsPharmaceutical Sales RepresentativesOpinion LeadersSponsorshipLobbyistsTargeting the News MediaAudience Reaction to Various TechniquesThe Opioid CrisisCounterpropagandaEffects and EvaluationCase Study 4: Pentagon PropagandaThe PropagandistsThe AudienceThe Various Techniques EmployedCounterpropagandaThe ConsequencesNoteChapter 9: How Propaganda Works in Modern SocietyA Model of the Process of PropagandaSocial-Historical ContextThe Process of PropagandaThe InstitutionPropaganda AgentsMedia MethodsThe Social NetworkThe PublicGeneralizationsAppendix 1 Confessions of a Hollywood PropagandistAppendix 2 Jazz Ambassador Dizzy GillespieReferencesAuthor IndexSubject IndexAbout the Authors