Jonathan Fruoco is an independent scholar. His research focuses on the linguistic and cultural evolution of medieval England, with a particular interest in the work of Geoffrey Chaucer and its connection with French and Italian courtly poetry. He has recently published Les faits et gestes de Robin des Bois (2017) and Chaucer’s Polyphony: The Modern in Medieval Poetry (2020).

• Introduction: Towards Modernity Jonathan FruocoPart One: Machaut and Musical PolyphonyChapter I. The Polyphony of Function: Mixing Text and Music in Guillaume de Machaut Uri SmilanskyChapter II. The Multilevel Polyphony of Machaut’s Livre dou Voir Dit and its Afterlife Rosemarie McGerrPart Two: Polyphony in Medieval EuropeChapter III. Cemeteries and Tombstones as Polyphonic Places in the French Medieval Quest of Lancelot Laurence DoucetChapter IV. Polyphonic Effects in the Fixed-Form Verse of Eustache Deschamps: A Critical Practice Laura KendrickChapter V. ‘Galeotto fu il libro e chi lo scrisse’: Liminal Polyvocality in the Occitan Literary Use of Dante Paola M. RodriguezChapter VI. Novelistic Perspectivism in Béroul’s Roman de Tristan Teodoro PateraChapter VII. Textual Voices in Compilation: Reading the Polyphony of Medieval Manuscripts Amy HeneveldChapter VIII. Wolfram and the Ambiguity of the Religious Question in the Willehalm Patrick del DucaPart Three: From Medieval England to the Early ModernChapter IX. Chaucer’s Speech and Thought Representation in Troilus and Criseyde: Encoded Subjectivities and Semantic Extension Yoshiyuki NakaoChapter X Chaucer and the Streams of Parnassus Paul StrohmChapter XI. "´Tis more ancient than Chaucer Himself": Keats and Romantic Polyphony Caroline BertonèchePart Four: Towards ModernityChapter XII. Evelina’s "Pollyphony" Anne RouhetteChapter XIII. The Whirl of the Red, Green, and Blue: Christopher Anstey and the Particoloured Poem Peter MerchantChapter XIV. Towards Modernity. Nova et Vetera in Paul Claudel’s Book of Christopher Colombus Jean-François Poisson-Gueffier