Politics of Mapping

Bernard Debarbieux is Professor of Cultural and Political Geography at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. His research focuses on the spatial dimension of social imaginaries, including the role of maps in the configuration of these imaginaries, and associated social collectives.Irene Hirt is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Her research focuses on participatory and decolonial methods, processes of land territorial reappropriation by Indigenous peoples across the Americas and mapping in Indigenous contexts.

• Introduction xiBernard DEBARBIEUX and Irène HIRTChapter 1 The Map as a Legitimate Space: Cartography as a Language, a Stage and an Issue 1Jacques LÉVY1.1 Introduction 11.2 Map truth regimes 31.3 The new spaces of the electoral map 61.4 Cartographic turn, geographic turn and political space 131.5 Ethical turn and mapping 161.6 Mapping, citizen science 181.7 References 22Chapter 2 Cartography and Spatial Production of Society 25Franco FARINELLI2.1 The map, politics and morality 252.2 The map, territory and globe 282.3 The map, order and modernity 312.4 The map, reason and rhetoric. 352.5 The map, constraint and the self-organization. 392.6 The map, production and society 402.7 References 43Chapter 3 Farewell to Maps: Reformulating Critical Cartography in the Digital Age 47Pierre GAUTREAU and Matthieu NOUCHER3.1 Introduction 473.2 Farewell to maps: when the digital world disrupts the objects and questions of a research current 483.2.1 The main issues of conventional critical mapping 483.2.2 What the digital world does to critical mapping: Russian doll-like difficulties 503.2.3 Methods maladapted to digital technology changes 543.3 The shortcomings of critical mapping exacerbated by digital technology 553.3.1 The “Harlesian” of reflections on the finished product 553.3.2 The taste for successful maps 563.3.3 A taste for great narratives 583.4 Reformulating critical mapping in the digital age 583.4.1 Three priority disciplinary alliances 593.4.2 Making political sense of what does not work: investigating “maps for nothing” in the digital age 603.4.3 The political meaning of cartographic modesty: what do the “small maps of the Web” tell us? 623.4.4 Circulation and policy 633.5 Conclusion 653.6 References 65Chapter 4 Mapping and Participation in the topos and chora Test 69Federica BURINI4.1 Introduction 694.2 Participatory mapping tested by topos and chora 704.3 Toward a reflective approach to participatory mapping 714.4 From solicited mapping to collaborative systems and digital traces 724.5 The new boundaries of collaborative mapping systems produced by geolocation technologies 754.6 Representing the spatiotemporal dimension of urban mobility using data produced by inhabitants 764.7 Toward a reflective and chorographic approach to collaborative mapping systems 784.7.1 Solicited mapping systems with active participation 804.7.2 Voluntary and participatory mapping systems 834.7.3 Derivative and passive participatory map systems 854.8 Conclusion 864.9 References 87Chapter 5 The Cartographic Factory of Modern States 91Bernard DEBARBIEUX5.1 Introduction 915.2 The invention of spatial modernity in the Renaissance 925.3 State imaginaries of space and territory 935.4 The construction of the nation-state through the map 1035.5 The colonial adventure: a counter-illustration? 1105.6 Maps and the government of things and people 1135.7 Current state of the issue 1185.8 References 119Chapter 6 Statistical Cartography and International Governance in the Age of Big Data 127Hy DAO6.1 Introduction 1276.2 Birth and internationalization of statistical cartography 1286.3 International statistical mapping 1296.3.1 Statistics and mapping by international organizations 1296.3.2 Coordination of statistical and geographical information 1326.3.3 Is the aggregation of national data outdated? 1336.4 Cartography in the digital age 1346.4.1 Computerization and dissemination of cartographic resources 1346.4.2 A global information space based on the Web and Big Data 1366.5 Mapping the SDGs 1426.5.1 A set of non-binding targets for 2030 1426.5.2 Governance of the SDG indicators 1426.5.3 Information coverage of the SDGs 1436.5.4 Cartographic visualizations of the SDGs 1446.5.5 The SDG indicator process challenged by Big Data 1466.6 (Re)configurations of international cartography 1476.6.1 From the visual paradigm to the datamatic paradigm 1476.6.2 Informational alignments 1486.6.3 Political alignments 1506.7 Conclusion 1506.8 References 151Chapter 7 Indigenous Mapping: Reclaiming Territories, Decolonizing Knowledge 155Irène HIRT7.1 Introduction 1557.2 Conceptual and theoretical milestones 1577.2.1 Indigenous counter-mapping: a struggle for concrete and symbolic spaces 1577.2.2 Indigenous mapping as a field of academic thinking 1617.3 Using maps to claim rights and reclaim territories 1637.3.1 Brief history of the political use of maps 1637.3.2 Indigenous mapping in the Americas: similarities and differences between North and South 1647.3.3 The aporias of the “cartographic-legal strategy” 1687.3.4 Controlling the flow of geographic information 1707.3.5 The ambiguous role of the digital giants 1717.4 Decolonizing maps and cartography 1727.4.1 Toward an inclusive definition of maps 1727.4.2 “Reconstructing” maps 1747.4.3 Representing “Indigenous depth of place” 1757.5 Conclusion 1787.6 References 179Chapter 8 Chorematic Representations in Participatory Processes of Territorial Projects 187Sylvie LARDON8.1 Introduction 1878.2 Methodological choices 1898.3 Three illustrations of the use of choremes in territorial projects 1908.3.1 The Pikogan forest in Quebec or choremes for communicating 1908.3.2 The Western Pacific Islands or the choremes for integrating the issues 1928.3.3 The gardens of the Billom area in France or the choremes for acting 1958.4 How can we evaluate this co-construction of territories? 1978.5 References 199Chapter 9 National Territorial Prospective Maps 201Anne BAILLY9.1 Introduction 2019.2 DATAR, foresight and mapping 2019.3 The Paris Basin White Paper 2039.3.1 Cartographic design 2059.3.2 The graphic vocabulary 2059.3.3 Translating, visualizing and expressing intentions 2069.4 The first maps of the great national debate on regional planning 2079.5 France in 2015 2109.6 France in 2020 2129.6.1 Three “deterrent” scenarios 2139.6.2 The “connected polycentrism” scenario 2139.7 Lessons from a wealth of experience 2159.8 References 215Chapter 10 Making Maps to Fight Unjust Migration Policies 217Olivier CLOCHARD10.1 Introduction 21710.2 Actors and objectives of cartographic productions 21810.2.1 From respect to emancipation of semiological conventions 21810.2.2 The two network compasses 22310.3 Mapping experiments undertaken 22510.3.1 Carrying knowledge and claims 22510.3.2 New modes of representation 22810.3.3 The words on the maps are also important 22910.3.4 The issue of esthetics 23210.4 Conclusion 23410.5 References 234List of Authors 237Index 239