Pocket Atlas of Special Tests for the Lower Limb

Jane Johnson, PhD, MSc, BSc (Hons), BA (Hons), is a physiotherapist specializing in musculoskeletal health; in this role, she uses many different assessment techniques. Johnson is passionate about supporting students and helping newly qualified therapists gain confidence in their use of assessment and treatment techniques. Her aim is to share the knowledge she has gained in over 20 years of clinical practice, which she does using simple explanations.Johnson is the author of six titles in the Hands-On Guides for Therapists series: Postural Assessment, Postural Correction, Therapeutic Stretching, Deep Tissue Massage, Soft Tissue and Trigger Point Release, and Soft Tissue Therapy for the Lower Limb. Johnson is also the author of The Pocket Atlas of Special Tests for the Upper Limb. These titles have been translated into multiple languages, including Japanese, traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, Korean, German, Italian, Polish, Spanish, and Portuguese.

• IntroductionPart I. The HipChapter 1. Leg Length TestsTest for True Leg LengthBone Length Measurement TestsVisual Assessment of Femoral Shortening: Method 1Visual Assessment of Femoral Shortening: Method 2Visual Assessment of Tibial Shortening: Method 1Visual Assessment of Tibial Shortening: Method 2Visual Assessment of Tibial Shortening: Method 3Test for Apparent (Functional) Shortening: Direct MethodTest for Apparent (Functional) Shortening: Indirect MethodChapter 2. Hip Joint TestsLog Roll TestTorque TestFAIR Test/FADIR TestScour TestMcCarthy TestAnterior Labral Tear TestPosterior Labral Tear TestFABER Test/Patrick's Test/Figure Four TestStinchfield TestChapter 3. Muscle TestsAdduction Contraction TestAdductor Squeeze TestPhelps' TestEly's Test (or Duncan-Ely Test)Thomas TestSnapping Hip Test90-90 Straight Leg Raising TestHamstring Contracture TestTripod SignHeel Height Difference TestOber TestPiriformis Test: PassivePiriformis Test: ActiveTrochanter Irritation Sign (Bicycle) TestBridging as a Test of StrengthTests for Asymmetry in the Length of Hip RotatorsTests for Asymmetry in the Strength of Hip RotatorsSingle Leg Standing Test/Static Standing Stork TestTrendelenburg TestPart II. The KneeChapter 4. Tests for SwellingBrush, Stroke, Bulge or Swipe TestIndentation TestFluctuation TestPatellar Tap Test (Ballotable Patella/Dancing Patella Sign)Chapter 5. Plica TestsActive Extension and Flexion TestsMediopatellar Plica TestPlica "Stutter" TestHughston's Plica TestChapter 6. Patellofemoral TestsPassive Patellar Glide TestLateral/Quadriceps Pull TestFairbank's Apprehension TestPatellofemoral Grind Test/Clarke's SignActive Patellar Grind TestStep Up/Step Down TestsMcConnell TestVastus Medialis Coordination TestNoble Compression TestChapter 7. Meniscus TestsBounce Home TestApley's TestSteinman's TestsTest for Retreating and Retracting MeniscusMcMurray's TestChildress's TestEge's TestThessaly TestModified Helfet TestChapter 8. One-Plane Instability TestsValgus Stress TestVarus Stress TestAnterior Drawer TestLachman's TestThe Lever Sign TestGodfrey's Test/Posterior Sag Sign/Gravity Drawer TestPosterior Drawer TestReverse Lachman TestChapter 9. Multiple-Plane Instability TestsAnteromedial Rotatory InstabilitySlocum (AMRI) TestAnterolateral Rotatory InstabilitySlocum (ALRI) TestLateral Pivot Shift TestCrossover Test of ArnoldPosteromedial Rotatory InstabilityPosteromedial Drawer TestPosteromedial Pivot-Shift TestPosterolateral Rotatory InstabilityJakob Test (Reverse Pivot Shift Maneuver)Dial TestActive Posterolateral Drawer SignExternal Rotation Recurvatum TestPart III. The Ankle, Foot and ToesChapter 10. Ligament TestsSupine Anterior Drawer TestProne Anterior Drawer TestTalar Tilt TestMedial Collateral Ligament Stress TestTest for Measuring Ankle Swelling: Tape Measure MethodTest for Measuring Ankle Swelling: Volume Displacement MethodChapter 11. Ankle Syndesmosis TestsSqueeze TestDorsiflexion—External Rotation Stress TestCotton TestHeel-Thump TestCross-Legged TestChapter 12. Tests for Leg Muscles and Ankle TendonsThompson's TestFibularis Subluxation TestTibialis Anterior Strength TestsTibialis Anterior Stretch TestChapter 13. Nerve TestsWeb Space Tenderness TestMulder's SignExtension-Flexion TestTriple Compression Stress TestReferencesAppendix