Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development

Inbunden, Engelska, 2026

AvMoe Toghraei

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A systematic approach to developing and reading P&IDs across industries Now in its Second Edition, Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development provides a systematic method for developing and interpreting P&IDs, the focal documents during design, operation, and maintenance of process plants. Written by Moe Toghraei, a process engineer with over 30 years of industry experience, this updated edition expands on the original with roughly 15% new content throughout and numerous additional examples. The book addresses the three main components of a process plant—equipment and other process items, control systems, and utility systems—with detailed P&ID development skills for each. This edition adds an entirely new chapter on Process Flow Diagram development and significantly expands Chapter 20 with more worked examples. Instrumentation content follows ISA standards throughout. Readers will also find: A multidisciplinary presentation of P&ID concepts accessible to process, mechanical, and instrument and control engineers across sectorsDetailed symbology for each element covered, drawing from international practices used in Europe, Canada, the US, and JapanAn expanded examples chapter with additional worked problems illustrating real-world P&ID development scenarios across multiple industriesCoverage applicable to oil refineries, gas processing plants, food processing facilities, water treatment plants, and HVAC systemsGuidance supporting HAZOP studies, value engineering, and operational activities beyond conventional P&ID development tasksProcess engineers, instrument and control practitioners, and mechanical engineers involved in P&ID development for chemical, oil and gas, water treatment, food processing, or mining operations will find this book a direct resource for strengthening their diagramming practice and deepening their understanding of process plant design.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2026-11-16
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor560
Upplaga2
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781394368570

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Moe Toghraei, MSc, PEng, is an independent project and process engineer with more than 30 years of experience in chemical, oil and gas, and water and wastewater engineering. Previously a lead engineer with Colt Engineering, Jacobs, and CH2M in Calgary, he has over 20 years of teaching experience and has developed numerous in-class and online training courses. He has also served as an expert witness in litigation and as a client representative in environmental matters.

ContentsPreface xxiAcknowledgment xxvAbout the Companion Website xxviiPart I Fundamentals of Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development 11 What Is Piping and Instrumentation Diagram? 31.1 Why Is P&ID Important? 31.2 What Is a P&ID? 41.3 P&ID Media 51.4 P&ID Development Activity 62 Management of Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development 92.1 Project of Developing P&IDs 92.2 P&ID Milestones 92.3 Involved Parties in P&ID Development 112.4 P&ID Set Owner 122.5 Required Quality of the P&ID in Each Stage of Development 122.6 P&ID Evolution 132.7 Tracking Changes in P&IDs 132.8 Required Man-hours for the Development of P&IDs 143 Anatomy of a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Sheet 153.1 Title Block 153.2 Ownership Block 163.3 Reference Drawing Block 163.4 Revision Block 163.5 Comments Block 173.6 Main Body of a P&ID 204 General Rules in Drawing of P&IDs 214.1 Items on P&IDs 214.2 How to Show Them: Visual Rules 224.3 Item Identifiers in P&IDs 284.4 Different Types of P&IDs 344.5 A Set of P&IDs 414.6 P&IDs Prepared in Engineering Companies Compared to Manufacturing or Fabricating Companies 434.7 Dealing with Vendor or Licensor P&IDs 445 Principles of Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development 475.1 Plant Stakeholders 475.2 The Hierarchy of P&ID Development Rules 475.3 Plant Operations 485.4 What Should a P&ID Address? 555.5 Conflicting Check and Merging Opportunities Check 675.6 Dealing with Common Challenges in P&ID Development 675.7 Example: Development of P&ID of a Typical Pump 68Part II Pipes and Equipment 736 Fluid Conductors and Pipe Appurtenance 756.1 Fluid Conductors: Pipes and Tubes 756.2 Pipe Identifiers 756.3 Pipe Tag Anatomy 796.4 Pipes Crossing “Borders” 846.5 Goal of Piping 896.6 Piping Arrangements 906.7 Pipe Route 936.8 Piping Movement 976.9 Dealing with Unwanted Two-phase Flow in Pipes 986.10 Tubes 1026.11 Double-wall Pipes 1026.12 Pipes for Special Arrangements 1036.13 Pipe Size Rule of Thumbs 1046.14 Pipe Appurtenances 1046.15 Other Approach About Piping 1106.16 Tying-in Pipes 1116.17 Wrapping Up: Addressing Requirements of Pipe During the Life Span 1116.18 Transferring Bulk Solid Materials 112Reference 1127 Manual Valves and Automatic Valves 1137.1 Valve Naming 1137.2 Valve Functions 1137.3 Valve Structure 1137.4 Classification of Valves 1147.5 Valve Operators 1207.6 Different Types of Actuators 1217.7 Basis of Operation for Automatic Valves 1227.8 Tagging Automatic Valves 1227.9 Tagging Manual Valves 1227.10 Valve Positions 1227.11 Valve Arrangement 1277.12 Control Valves and RO Combinations 1297.13 Operating in the Absence of Valves 1297.14 Valves in Role of Unit Operation 1327.15 Special Valves 1337.16 Excess Flow Valves 1367.17 Valve Combinations 1367.18 End-of-valve Arrangements 1367.19 Valve Sizing Rule of Thumbs 1367.20 Merging Valves 1387.21 Wrapping-up: Addressing Requirements of Valve During the Life Span 138References 1388 Provisions for Ease of Maintenance 1398.1 Introduction 1398.2 Different Types of Equipment Care 1398.3 In-place In-line Equipment Care 1408.4 In-place Off-line Equipment Care 1418.5 In-workshop Off-line Equipment Care 1418.6 Preparing Equipment for Off-line Care 1418.7 Isolation 1428.8 Bringing the Equipment to a Non-harmful Condition 1478.9 Cleaning 1518.10 Ultimate Destination of Dirty Fluids 1538.11 Making Equipment Easy to Remove 1548.12 Wrap-up 1549 Containers 1579.1 Introduction 1579.2 Selection of Containers 1579.3 Containers Purposes 1589.4 Transferring Fluids Between Containers 1599.5 Container Positions 1609.6 Container Shapes 1629.7 Container Identifiers 1639.8 Levels in Non-flooded Liquid Containers 1669.9 Container Nozzles 1669.10 Overflow Nozzles 1739.11 Breathing of Non-flooded Containers 1749.12 Blanketed Tanks 1749.13 Heating (or Cooling) in Containers 1779.14 Mixing in Containers 1789.15 Container Internals 1799.16 Tank Roofs 1799.17 Tank Floors 1799.18 Container Arrangement 1809.19 Merging Containers 1809.20 Secondary Containment 1819.21 Underground Storage Tanks 1829.22 Sumps 1849.23 Wrapping-up: Addressing the Requirements of the Container During Its Lifespan 18410 PUMPS and Compressors 18710.1 Introduction 18710.2 Fluid Mover Roles 18710.3 Types of Fluid Movers 18710.4 A Brief Discussion on the Function of Fluid Movers in a System 18810.5 Fluid Mover Identifiers 18910.6 Liquid Movers: Dynamic Pumps 19210.7 Liquid Movers: PD Pumps 21010.8 Gas Movers: Fans, Blowers, Compressors 21610.9 Wrapping-up: Addressing Requirements of Fluid Movers During the Life Span 221Reference 22111 Heat Transfer Units 22311.1 Introduction 22311.2 Main Types of Heat Transfer Units 22311.3 Different Types of Heat Exchangers and Their Selection 22411.4 Different Types of Heat Transfer Fluids and Their Selection 22511.5 Heat Exchangers: General Naming 22611.6 Heat Exchanger Identifiers 22711.7 Heat Exchanger P&ID 22911.8 Heat Exchanger Arrangement 23111.9 Aerial Coolers 23311.10 Merging Heat Exchangers 23611.11 Wrapping-up: Addressing the Requirements of a Heat Exchanger During Its Life Span 23611.12 Fired Heaters and Furnaces 23611.13 Fire Heater Arrangement 24011.14 Merging Fired Heaters 24011.15 Wrapping-up: Addressing the Requirements of Fired Heaters During Their Lifespan 24012 Pressure Relief Devices 24112.1 Introduction 24112.2 Why Pressure Is So Important? 24112.3 Dealing with Abnormal Pressures 24212.4 Safety Relief System 24412.5 What Is an “Enclosure,” and Which “Side” Should Be Protected? 24412.6 Regulatory Issues Involved in PRVs 24512.7 PRD Structure 24612.8 Six Steps to Providing a Protective Layer 24712.9 Locating PRDs 24712.10 Positioning PRDs 24812.11 Specifying the PRD 25012.12 Selecting the Right Type of PRD 25012.13 PRD Identifiers 25112.14 Selecting the Right Type of PSD Arrangement 25312.15 Deciding on an Emergency Release Collecting Network 25512.16 Deciding on a Disposal System 25712.17 Protecting Atmospheric Containers 26112.18 Merging PRDs 26212.19 Wrapping-up: Addressing the Requirements of PRDs During Their Lifespan 264Part III Instrumentation and Control System 26513 Fundamentals of Instrumentation and Control 26713.1 What Is Process Control? 26713.2 Components of Process Control Against Violating Parameters 26813.3 Parameters Versus Steering/Protecting Components 26813.4 How Many Steering Loops Are Needed? 26913.5 ICSS System Technology 26913.6 ICSS Elements 27113.7 Basic Process Control System 27213.8 Instruments on P&IDs 27413.9 Instrument Identifiers 27513.10 Signals: Communication Between Instruments 28113.10.1 Signal Types 28113.11 Different Instrument Elements 28413.12 Simple Control Loops 29413.13 Position of Sensor Regarding Control Valves 29614 Application of Control Architectures 29914.1 Introduction 29914.2 Control System Design 29914.3 Selecting the Parameter to Control 29914.4 Identifying the Manipulated Stream 30114.5 Determining the Set Point 30114.6 Building a Control Loop 30214.7 Multi-loop Control Architectures 30414.8 Feedforward Plus Feedback Control 30714.9 Monitoring Parameters 32115 Plant Process Control 32715.1 Introduction 32715.2 Plant-wide Control 32715.3 Heat and Mass Balance Control 32715.4 Surge Control 32915.5 Equipment Control 33615.6 Pipe Control System 33815.7 Fluid Mover Control System 34515.8 Heat Transfer Equipment Control 35615.9 Container Control System 36815.10 Blanket Gas Control Systems 368Reference 36916 Plant Interlocks and Alarms 37116.1 Introduction 37116.2 Safety Strategies 37116.3 Concept of an SIS 37116.4 SIS Actions and SIS Types 37116.5 SIS Extent 37416.6 Deciding on the Required SIS 37416.7 The Anatomy of an SIS 37516.8 Showing Safety Instrumented Functions on P&IDs 37916.9 Discrete Control 38116.10 Alarm System 38216.11 Fire and Gas Detection System 38716.12 Electric Motor Control 390Part IV Utilities 39717 Utilities 39917.1 Utility System Components 39917.2 Developing Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams for Utility Systems 40017.3 Different Utilities in Plants 40417.4 Air as a Utility in Process Plants 40417.5 Water as a Utility in Process Plants 40517.6 Heat Transfer Media 40517.7 Condensate Collection Network 40717.8 Fuel as Utility 40717.9 Inert Gas 40817.10 Vapor Collection Network 40917.11 Emergency Vapor/Gas Release Collection Network 40917.12 Fire Water 40917.13 Surface Drainage Collection Network or Sewer System 41217.14 Utility Circuits 41417.15 Connection Between Distribution and Collecting Networks 41818 Ancillary Systems and Additional Considerations 42118.1 Introduction 42118.2 Safety Issues 42118.3 Dealing with the Environment 42418.4 Utility Stations 43118.5 Off-line Monitoring Programs 43418.6 Corrosion Monitoring Program 43818.7 Impact of the Plant Model on the P&ID 43918.8 Design Pressure and Temperature Considerations 440Part V Additional Information and General Procedure 44719 Pre-Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams in Chemical Process Engineering 44919.1 Visual Representation Techniques in Chemical Process Engineering 44919.2 Universal String of Chemical Process Industries 45119.3 Pre-BFD Stage Development 45319.4 BFD Development 45719.5 PFD Development 45919.6 PFD Demonstration Rules 46519.7 H&MBT 46619.8 Side-by-Side Comparison 46719.9 Nontraditional Process Drawings 46719.10 Developing PFD Based on Existing P&ID 46819.11 Developing P&ID Based on Existing Process Plant 46920 General Procedures 47120.1 Introduction 47120.2 General Procedure for P&ID Development 47120.3 P&ID Reviewing and Checking 47520.4 Methods of P&ID Reviewing and Checking 47920.5 Required Quality of P&IDs at Each Stage of Development 48021 Examples 485Index 521