Physics for Scientists & Engineers, Volume 1 (Chapters 1-20)

Douglas C. Giancoli obtained his BA in physics (summa cum laude) from UC Berkeley, his MS in physics at MIT, and his PhD in elementary particle physics back at the UC Berkeley. He spent 2 years as a post-doctoral fellow at UC Berkeley’s Virus lab developing skills in molecular biology and biophysics. His mentors include Nobel winners Emilio Segrè and Donald Glaser.He has taught a wide range of undergraduate courses, traditional as well as innovative ones, and continues to update his textbooks meticulously, seeking ways to better provide an understanding of physics for students.Doug’s favorite spare-time activity is the outdoors, especially climbing peaks. He says climbing peaks is like learning physics: it takes effort and the rewards are great.

• CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1APPLICATIONS LIST xiiPREFACE xivAVAILABLE SUPPLEMENTS AND MEDIA xxiiNOTES TO STUDENTS (AND INSTRUCTORS) ON THE FORMAT xxivCOLOR USE: VECTORS, FIELDS, AND SYMBOLS xxvCHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION, MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATING1—1 The Nature of Science1—2 Models, Theories, and Laws1—3 Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures1—4 Units, Standards, and the SI System1—5 Converting Units1—6 Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating*1—7 Dimensions and Dimensional AnalysisSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 2: DESCRIBING MOTION: KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION2—1 Reference Frames and Displacement2—2 Average Velocity2—3 Instantaneous Velocity2—4 Acceleration2—5 Motion at Constant Acceleration2—6 Solving Problems2—7 Freely Falling Objects*2—8 Variable Acceleration; Integral Calculus*2—9 Graphical Analysis and Numerical IntegrationSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 3: KINEMATICS IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS; VECTORS3—1 Vectors and Scalars3—2 Addition of Vectors–Graphical Methods3—3 Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar3—4 Adding Vectors by Components3—5 Unit Vectors3—6 Vector Kinematics3—7 Projectile Motion3—8 Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion3—9 Relative VelocitySUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 4: DYNAMICS: NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION4—1 Force4—2 Newton’s First Law of Motion4—3 Mass4—4 Newton’s Second Law of Motion4—5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion4—6 Weight–the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force4—7 Solving Problems with Newton’s Laws: Free-Body Diagrams4—8 Problem Solving–A General ApproachSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 5: USING NEWTON’S LAWS: FRICTION, CIRCULAR MOTION, DRAG FORCES5—1 Applications of Newton’s Laws Involving Friction5—2 Uniform Circular Motion–Kinematics5—3 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion5—4 Highway Curves: Banked and Unbanked*5—5 Nonuniform Circular Motion*5—6 Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal VelocitySUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 6: GRAVITATION AND NEWTON’S6 SYNTHESIS6—1 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation6—2 Vector Form of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation6—3 Gravity Near the Earth’s Surface; Geophysical Applications6—4 Satellites and “Weightlessness”6—5 Kepler’s Laws and Newton’s Synthesis*6—6 Gravitational Field6—7 Types of Forces in Nature*6—8 Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space; Black HolesSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 7: WORK AND ENERGY7—1 Work Done by a Constant Force7—2 Scalar Product of Two Vectors7—3 Work Done by a Varying Force7—4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy PrincipleSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 8: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY8—1 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces8—2 Potential Energy8—3 Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation8—4 Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy8—5 The Law of Conservation of Energy8—6 Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems8—7 Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity8—8 Power*8—9 Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable EquilibriumSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 9: LINEAR MOMENTUM9—1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force9—2 Conservation of Momentum9—3 Collisions and Impulse9—4 Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions9—5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension9—6 Inelastic Collisions9—7 Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions9—8 Center of Mass (CM)9—9 Center of Mass and Translational Motion*9—10 Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket PropulsionSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 10: ROTATIONAL MOTION10—1 Angular Quantities10—2 Vector Nature of Angular Quantities10—3 Constant Angular Acceleration10—4 Torque10—5 Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia10—6 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics10—7 Determining Moments of Inertia10—8 Rotational Kinetic Energy10—9 Rotational Plus Translational Motion; Rolling*10—10 Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down?SUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 11: ANGULAR MOMENTUM; GENERAL ROTATION11—1 Angular Momentum–Object Rotating About a Fixed Axis11—2 Vector Cross Product; Torque as a Vector11—3 Angular Momentum of a Particle11—4 Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion11—5 Angular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid Object11—6 Conservation of Angular Momentum*11—7 The Spinning Top and Gyroscope*11—8 Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces*11—9 The Coriolis EffectSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 12: STATIC EQUILIBRIUM; ELASTICITY AND FRACTURE12—1 The Conditions for Equilibrium12—2 Solving Statics Problems12—3 Stability and Balance12—4 Elasticity; Stress and Strain12—5 Fracture*12—6 Trusses and Bridges*12—7 Arches and DomesSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 13: FLUIDS13—1 Phases of Matter13—2 Density and Specific Gravity13—3 Pressure in Fluids13—4 Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure13—5 Pascal’s Principle13—6 Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer13—7 Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle13—8 Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity13—9 Bernoulli’s Equation13—10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs, TIA*13—11 Viscosity*13—12 Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille’s Equation, Blood Flow*13—13 Surface Tension and Capillarity*13—14 Pumps, and the HeartSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 14: OSCILLATIONS14—1 Oscillations of a Spring14—2 Simple Harmonic Motion14—3 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator14—4 Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion14—5 The Simple Pendulum*14—6 The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum14—7 Damped Harmonic Motion14—8 Forced Oscillations; ResonanceSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 15: WAVE MOTION15—1 Characteristics of Wave Motion15—2 Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal15—3 Energy Transported by Waves15—4 Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave*15—5 The Wave Equation15—6 The Principle of Superposition15—7 Reflection and Transmission15—8 Interference15—9 Standing Waves; Resonance*15—10 Refraction*15—11 DiffractionSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 16: SOUND16—1 Characteristics of Sound16—2 Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves16—3 Intensity of Sound: Decibels16—4 Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns*16—5 Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition16—6 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats16—7 Doppler Effect*16—8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom*16—9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical ImagingSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 17: TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, AND THE IDEAL GAS LAW17—1 Atomic Theory of Matter17—2 Temperature and Thermometers17—3 Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics17—4 Thermal Expansion*17—5 Thermal Stresses17—6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature17—7 The Ideal Gas Law17—8 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law17—9 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro’s Number*17—10 Ideal Gas Temperature Scale–a StandardSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 18: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES18—1 The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature18—2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds18—3 Real Gases and Changes of Phase18—4 Vapor Pressure and Humidity*18—5 Van der Waals Equation of State*18—6 Mean Free Path*18—7 DiffusionSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 19: HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS19—1 Heat as Energy Transfer19—2 Internal Energy19—3 Specific Heat19—4 Calorimetry–Solving Problems19—5 Latent Heat19—6 The First Law of Thermodynamics19—7 Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics; Calculating the Work19—8 Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy19—9 Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas19—10 Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, RadiationSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMSCHAPTER 20: SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS20—1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics–Introduction20—2 Heat Engines20—3 Reversible and Irreversible Processes; the Carnot Engine20—4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps20—5 Entropy20—6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics20—7 Order to Disorder20—8 Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death*20—9 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law*20—10 Thermodynamic Temperature Scale; Absolute Zero and the Third Law of Thermodynamics*20—11 Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy ResourcesSUMMARYQUESTIONSPROBLEMSGENERAL PROBLEMS