Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments

This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.Table of ContentsFront MatterI: Committee Summary and Recommendations1 A Review of the Physiology and Nutrition in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments2 Committee on Military Nutrition Research Recommendations and ConclusionsII: Background and Introduction to theTopic3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues4 Leadership Insights for Military Operations in Cold Weather and at High Altitudes5 Cold-Weather Field Feeding: Military Rations6 Feeding the US Army Sixth Infantry Division (Light) in the ColdPart II DiscussionIII: The Cold Environment7 The Physiology of Cold Exposure8 Military Schedules vs. Biological Clocks9 Influence of Cold Stress on Human Fluid Balance10 Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress11 Macronutrient Requirements for Work in Cold Environments12 Cold Exposure, Appetite, and Energy Balance13 Effects of Cold and altitude on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements14 Micronutrient Deficiency States and Thermoregulation in the Cold15 Drug-Induced Delay of HypothermiaPart III DiscussionIV: The High-Terrestrial Environment16 The Physiology of High-Altitude Exposure17 Physical Performance at High Altitudes18 Fluid Metabolism at High Altitudes19 Maintenance of Body Weight at High Altitudes: In Search of 500 kcal/day20 Energy and Macronutrient Requirements for work at High Altitudes21 Oxidative Stress at High Altitudes and Effects of Vitamin EPart IV DiscussionV: Performance in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States23 Food Components and Other Treatments That May Enhance Mental Performance at High Altitudes and in the ColdGeneral DiscussionAppendixesA: Environmental Stress Management at High Altitudes by Adaptogens, summary of unpublished manuscriptB: Biographical SketchesC: AbbreviationsD: Factors Related to Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments- A Selected BibliographyIndex