DANIEL MINOLI has many years of IT, telecom, and networking experience for end users and carriers including work at AIG, ARPA think tanks, Bell Telephone Laboratories, ITT, Prudential Securities, Bell Communications Research (Bellcore/Telcordia), AT&T, Gartner/DataPro, and high-tech incubator Leading Edge Networks Inc. He is the author of several books on Information Technology, telecommunications, and data communications, and has taught at New York University, Rutgers University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, and Monmouth University.

• About the Author xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgments xvii1 Introduction 11.1 What Is Grid Computing And What Are The Key Issues? 11.2 Potential Applications and Financial Benefits of Grid Computing 101.3 Grid Types, Topologies, Components, and Layers— 13A Preliminary View1.4 Comparison with Other Approaches 211.5 A First Look at Grid Computing Standards 241.6 A Pragmatic Course of Investigation 272 Grid Benefits and Status of Technology 312.1 Motivations for Considering Computational Grids 312.2 Brief History of Computing, Communications, and Grid Computing 38Communication 44Computation 46Grid Technology 472.3 Is Grid Computing Ready for Prime Time? 472.4 Early Suppliers and Vendors 512.5 Possible Economic Value 532.5.1 Possible Economic Value: One State’s Positioning 532.5.2 Possible Economic Value: Extrapolation 562.6 Challenges 563 Components of Grid Computing Systems and Architectures 633.1 Overview 633.2 Basic Constituent Elements—A Functional View 71Portal/User Interface Function/Functional Block 85The Grid Security Infrastructure: User Security 75Function/Functional BlockNode Security Function/Functional Block 76Broker Function/Functional Block and Directory 76Scheduler Function/Functional Block 77Data Management Function/Functional Block 78Job Management And Resource Management 78Function/Functional Block User/Application Submission Function/Functional Block 79Resources 79Protocols 803.3 Basic Constituent Elements—A Physical View 81Networks 81Computation 84Storage 85Scientific Instruments 90Software and licenses 913.4 Basic Constituent Elements—Service View 914 Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSI 1014.1 Introduction 1044.2 Motivations for Standardization 1094.3 Architectural Constructs 1134.3.1 Definitions 1134.3.2 Protocol Perspective 1154.3.3 Going From “Art” To “Science” 1234.4 What is OGSA/OGSI? A Practical View 1254.5 OGSA/OGSI Service Elements and Layered Model 1294.5.1 Key Aspects 1294.5.2 Ancillary Aspects 1324.5.3 Implementations of OGSI 1364.6 What is OGSA/OGSI? A More Detailed View 1394.6.1 Introduction 1394.6.2 Setting the Context 1404.6.3 The Grid Service 1454.6.4 WSDL Extensions and Conventions 1454.6.5 Service Data 1464.6.6 Core Grid Service Properties 1494.6.7 Other Details 1514.7 A Possible Application of OGSA/OGSI to Next-Generation 151Open-Source Outsourcing4.7.1 Opportunities 1514.7.2 Outsourcing Trends 1515 Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSA 1555.1 Introduction 1565.2 Functionality Requirements 1585.2.1 Basic Functionality Requirements 1595.2.2 Security Requirements 1605.2.3 Resource Management Requirements 1615.2.4 System Properties Requirements 1625.2.5 Other Functionality Requirements 1635.3 OGSA Service Taxonomy 1645.3.1 Core Services 1665.3.2 Data Services 1685.3.3 Program Execution 1695.3.4 Resource Management 1735.4 Service Relationships 1735.4.1 Service Composition 1745.4.2 Service Orchestration 1755.4.3 Types of Relationships 1765.4.4 Platform Services 1765.5 OGSA Services 1775.5.1 Handle Resolution 1775.5.2 Virtual Organization Creation and Management 1785.5.3 Service Groups and Discovery Services 1785.5.4 Choreography, Orchestrations and Workflow 1805.5.5 Transactions 1805.5.6 Metering Service 1815.5.7 Rating Service 1825.5.8 Accounting Service 1825.5.9 Billing and Payment Service 1825.5.10 Installation, Deployment, and Provisioning 1835.5.11 Distributed Logging 1835.5.12 Messaging and Queuing 1845.5.13 Event 1865.5.14 Policy and Agreements 1875.5.15 Base Data Services 1885.5.16 Other Data Services 1905.5.17 Discovery Services 1915.5.18 Job Agreement Service 1925.5.19 Reservation Agreement Service 1925.5.20 Data Access Agreement Service 1935.5.21 Queuing Service 1935.5.22 Open Grid Services Infrastructure 1935.5.23 Common Management Model 1955.6 Security Considerations 1965.7 Examples of OGSA Mechanisms in Support of VO Structures 1976 Grid System Deployment Issues, Approaches, and Tools 2016.1 Generic Implementations: Globus Toolkit 2016.1.1 Globus Toolkit tools and APIs 2036.1.2 Details on Key Tookit Protocols 2076.1.3 Globus Toolkit Version 3 2136.1.4 Applications 2166.2 Grid Computing Environments 2176.2.1 Introduction 2176.2.2 Portal Services 2196.3 Basic Grid Deployment and Management Issues 2206.3.1 Products Categories 2216.3.2 Business Grid Types 2216.3.3 Deploying a Basic Computing Grid 2236.3.4 Deploying More Complex Computing Grids 2246.3.5 Grid Networking Infrastucture Required for Deployment 2266.3.6 Grid Operation—Basic Steps 2306.3.7 Deployment Challenges and Approaches 2316.4 Grid Security Details—Deployment Peace of Mind 2346.4.1 Basic Approach and Mechanisms 2346.4.2 Additional Perspectives 2366.4.3 Conclusion 2497 Grid System Economics 2517.1 Introduction 2527.2 Grid Economic Services Architecture 2557.2.1 Introduction 2557.2.2 Overview 2567.2.3 The Chargeable Grid Service (CGS) 2587.2.4 The Grid Payment System 2677.2.5 GPSHold Service 2747.2.6 The Grid CurrencyExchange Service 2757.2.7 An Example 2777.2.8 Security Considerations 2808 Communication Systems for Local Grids 2818.1 Introduction and Positioning 2818.2 SAN-Related Technology 2848.2.1 Fibre Channel Technology—Native Mode 2858.2.2 Fibre Channel Technology—Tunneled Modes 2988.3 LAN-Related Technology 3038.3.1 Standards 3038.3.2 Key concepts 3079 Communication Systems for National Grids 3139.1 Multilink Frame Relay 3139.1.1 Motivations and Scope 3159.1.2 Multilink Frame Relay Basics 3199.2 MPLS Technology 3219.2.1 Approaches 3229.2.2 MPLS Operation 3249.2.3 Key Mechanisms Supporting MPLS 3289.2.4 Service Availability 33210 Communication Systems for Global Grids 33310.1 The Basics of Layer 2 and layer 3 VPNs 33410.2 The Layer 3 Approach 33410.3 Layer 2 MPLS VPNs-A Different Philosophy 33610.4 Which Works Better Where? 33710.5 A Grid Computing Application 338References 339Glossary 353Index 365

"...a comprehensive book with substantial amount of information about grid computing...a great starting point for those who want to migrate to a grid computing system." (E-STREAMS, August 2005)

DANIEL MINOLI has many years of IT, telecom, and networking experience for end users and carriers including work at AIG, ARPA think tanks, Bell Telephone Laboratories, ITT, Prudential Securities, Bell Communications Research (Bellcore/Telcordia), AT&T, Gartner/DataPro, and high-tech incubator Leading Edge Networks Inc. He is the author of several books on Information Technology, telecommunications, and data communications, and has taught at New York University, Rutgers University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, and Monmouth University.

• About the Author xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgments xvii1 Introduction 11.1 What Is Grid Computing And What Are The Key Issues? 11.2 Potential Applications and Financial Benefits of Grid Computing 101.3 Grid Types, Topologies, Components, and Layers— 13A Preliminary View1.4 Comparison with Other Approaches 211.5 A First Look at Grid Computing Standards 241.6 A Pragmatic Course of Investigation 272 Grid Benefits and Status of Technology 312.1 Motivations for Considering Computational Grids 312.2 Brief History of Computing, Communications, and Grid Computing 38Communication 44Computation 46Grid Technology 472.3 Is Grid Computing Ready for Prime Time? 472.4 Early Suppliers and Vendors 512.5 Possible Economic Value 532.5.1 Possible Economic Value: One State’s Positioning 532.5.2 Possible Economic Value: Extrapolation 562.6 Challenges 563 Components of Grid Computing Systems and Architectures 633.1 Overview 633.2 Basic Constituent Elements—A Functional View 71Portal/User Interface Function/Functional Block 85The Grid Security Infrastructure: User Security 75Function/Functional BlockNode Security Function/Functional Block 76Broker Function/Functional Block and Directory 76Scheduler Function/Functional Block 77Data Management Function/Functional Block 78Job Management And Resource Management 78Function/Functional Block User/Application Submission Function/Functional Block 79Resources 79Protocols 803.3 Basic Constituent Elements—A Physical View 81Networks 81Computation 84Storage 85Scientific Instruments 90Software and licenses 913.4 Basic Constituent Elements—Service View 914 Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSI 1014.1 Introduction 1044.2 Motivations for Standardization 1094.3 Architectural Constructs 1134.3.1 Definitions 1134.3.2 Protocol Perspective 1154.3.3 Going From “Art” To “Science” 1234.4 What is OGSA/OGSI? A Practical View 1254.5 OGSA/OGSI Service Elements and Layered Model 1294.5.1 Key Aspects 1294.5.2 Ancillary Aspects 1324.5.3 Implementations of OGSI 1364.6 What is OGSA/OGSI? A More Detailed View 1394.6.1 Introduction 1394.6.2 Setting the Context 1404.6.3 The Grid Service 1454.6.4 WSDL Extensions and Conventions 1454.6.5 Service Data 1464.6.6 Core Grid Service Properties 1494.6.7 Other Details 1514.7 A Possible Application of OGSA/OGSI to Next-Generation 151Open-Source Outsourcing4.7.1 Opportunities 1514.7.2 Outsourcing Trends 1515 Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSA 1555.1 Introduction 1565.2 Functionality Requirements 1585.2.1 Basic Functionality Requirements 1595.2.2 Security Requirements 1605.2.3 Resource Management Requirements 1615.2.4 System Properties Requirements 1625.2.5 Other Functionality Requirements 1635.3 OGSA Service Taxonomy 1645.3.1 Core Services 1665.3.2 Data Services 1685.3.3 Program Execution 1695.3.4 Resource Management 1735.4 Service Relationships 1735.4.1 Service Composition 1745.4.2 Service Orchestration 1755.4.3 Types of Relationships 1765.4.4 Platform Services 1765.5 OGSA Services 1775.5.1 Handle Resolution 1775.5.2 Virtual Organization Creation and Management 1785.5.3 Service Groups and Discovery Services 1785.5.4 Choreography, Orchestrations and Workflow 1805.5.5 Transactions 1805.5.6 Metering Service 1815.5.7 Rating Service 1825.5.8 Accounting Service 1825.5.9 Billing and Payment Service 1825.5.10 Installation, Deployment, and Provisioning 1835.5.11 Distributed Logging 1835.5.12 Messaging and Queuing 1845.5.13 Event 1865.5.14 Policy and Agreements 1875.5.15 Base Data Services 1885.5.16 Other Data Services 1905.5.17 Discovery Services 1915.5.18 Job Agreement Service 1925.5.19 Reservation Agreement Service 1925.5.20 Data Access Agreement Service 1935.5.21 Queuing Service 1935.5.22 Open Grid Services Infrastructure 1935.5.23 Common Management Model 1955.6 Security Considerations 1965.7 Examples of OGSA Mechanisms in Support of VO Structures 1976 Grid System Deployment Issues, Approaches, and Tools 2016.1 Generic Implementations: Globus Toolkit 2016.1.1 Globus Toolkit tools and APIs 2036.1.2 Details on Key Tookit Protocols 2076.1.3 Globus Toolkit Version 3 2136.1.4 Applications 2166.2 Grid Computing Environments 2176.2.1 Introduction 2176.2.2 Portal Services 2196.3 Basic Grid Deployment and Management Issues 2206.3.1 Products Categories 2216.3.2 Business Grid Types 2216.3.3 Deploying a Basic Computing Grid 2236.3.4 Deploying More Complex Computing Grids 2246.3.5 Grid Networking Infrastucture Required for Deployment 2266.3.6 Grid Operation—Basic Steps 2306.3.7 Deployment Challenges and Approaches 2316.4 Grid Security Details—Deployment Peace of Mind 2346.4.1 Basic Approach and Mechanisms 2346.4.2 Additional Perspectives 2366.4.3 Conclusion 2497 Grid System Economics 2517.1 Introduction 2527.2 Grid Economic Services Architecture 2557.2.1 Introduction 2557.2.2 Overview 2567.2.3 The Chargeable Grid Service (CGS) 2587.2.4 The Grid Payment System 2677.2.5 GPSHold Service 2747.2.6 The Grid CurrencyExchange Service 2757.2.7 An Example 2777.2.8 Security Considerations 2808 Communication Systems for Local Grids 2818.1 Introduction and Positioning 2818.2 SAN-Related Technology 2848.2.1 Fibre Channel Technology—Native Mode 2858.2.2 Fibre Channel Technology—Tunneled Modes 2988.3 LAN-Related Technology 3038.3.1 Standards 3038.3.2 Key concepts 3079 Communication Systems for National Grids 3139.1 Multilink Frame Relay 3139.1.1 Motivations and Scope 3159.1.2 Multilink Frame Relay Basics 3199.2 MPLS Technology 3219.2.1 Approaches 3229.2.2 MPLS Operation 3249.2.3 Key Mechanisms Supporting MPLS 3289.2.4 Service Availability 33210 Communication Systems for Global Grids 33310.1 The Basics of Layer 2 and layer 3 VPNs 33410.2 The Layer 3 Approach 33410.3 Layer 2 MPLS VPNs-A Different Philosophy 33610.4 Which Works Better Where? 33710.5 A Grid Computing Application 338References 339Glossary 353Index 365

"...a comprehensive book with substantial amount of information about grid computing...a great starting point for those who want to migrate to a grid computing system." (E-STREAMS, August 2005)

DANIEL MINOLI has many years of IT, telecom, and networking experience for end users and carriers including work at AIG, ARPA think tanks, Bell Telephone Laboratories, ITT, Prudential Securities, Bell Communications Research (Bellcore/Telcordia), AT&T, Gartner/DataPro, and high-tech incubator Leading Edge Networks Inc. He is the author of several books on Information Technology, telecommunications, and data communications, and has taught at New York University, Rutgers University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, and Monmouth University.

• About the Author xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgments xvii1 Introduction 11.1 What Is Grid Computing And What Are The Key Issues? 11.2 Potential Applications and Financial Benefits of Grid Computing 101.3 Grid Types, Topologies, Components, and Layers— 13A Preliminary View1.4 Comparison with Other Approaches 211.5 A First Look at Grid Computing Standards 241.6 A Pragmatic Course of Investigation 272 Grid Benefits and Status of Technology 312.1 Motivations for Considering Computational Grids 312.2 Brief History of Computing, Communications, and Grid Computing 38Communication 44Computation 46Grid Technology 472.3 Is Grid Computing Ready for Prime Time? 472.4 Early Suppliers and Vendors 512.5 Possible Economic Value 532.5.1 Possible Economic Value: One State’s Positioning 532.5.2 Possible Economic Value: Extrapolation 562.6 Challenges 563 Components of Grid Computing Systems and Architectures 633.1 Overview 633.2 Basic Constituent Elements—A Functional View 71Portal/User Interface Function/Functional Block 85The Grid Security Infrastructure: User Security 75Function/Functional BlockNode Security Function/Functional Block 76Broker Function/Functional Block and Directory 76Scheduler Function/Functional Block 77Data Management Function/Functional Block 78Job Management And Resource Management 78Function/Functional Block User/Application Submission Function/Functional Block 79Resources 79Protocols 803.3 Basic Constituent Elements—A Physical View 81Networks 81Computation 84Storage 85Scientific Instruments 90Software and licenses 913.4 Basic Constituent Elements—Service View 914 Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSI 1014.1 Introduction 1044.2 Motivations for Standardization 1094.3 Architectural Constructs 1134.3.1 Definitions 1134.3.2 Protocol Perspective 1154.3.3 Going From “Art” To “Science” 1234.4 What is OGSA/OGSI? A Practical View 1254.5 OGSA/OGSI Service Elements and Layered Model 1294.5.1 Key Aspects 1294.5.2 Ancillary Aspects 1324.5.3 Implementations of OGSI 1364.6 What is OGSA/OGSI? A More Detailed View 1394.6.1 Introduction 1394.6.2 Setting the Context 1404.6.3 The Grid Service 1454.6.4 WSDL Extensions and Conventions 1454.6.5 Service Data 1464.6.6 Core Grid Service Properties 1494.6.7 Other Details 1514.7 A Possible Application of OGSA/OGSI to Next-Generation 151Open-Source Outsourcing4.7.1 Opportunities 1514.7.2 Outsourcing Trends 1515 Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSA 1555.1 Introduction 1565.2 Functionality Requirements 1585.2.1 Basic Functionality Requirements 1595.2.2 Security Requirements 1605.2.3 Resource Management Requirements 1615.2.4 System Properties Requirements 1625.2.5 Other Functionality Requirements 1635.3 OGSA Service Taxonomy 1645.3.1 Core Services 1665.3.2 Data Services 1685.3.3 Program Execution 1695.3.4 Resource Management 1735.4 Service Relationships 1735.4.1 Service Composition 1745.4.2 Service Orchestration 1755.4.3 Types of Relationships 1765.4.4 Platform Services 1765.5 OGSA Services 1775.5.1 Handle Resolution 1775.5.2 Virtual Organization Creation and Management 1785.5.3 Service Groups and Discovery Services 1785.5.4 Choreography, Orchestrations and Workflow 1805.5.5 Transactions 1805.5.6 Metering Service 1815.5.7 Rating Service 1825.5.8 Accounting Service 1825.5.9 Billing and Payment Service 1825.5.10 Installation, Deployment, and Provisioning 1835.5.11 Distributed Logging 1835.5.12 Messaging and Queuing 1845.5.13 Event 1865.5.14 Policy and Agreements 1875.5.15 Base Data Services 1885.5.16 Other Data Services 1905.5.17 Discovery Services 1915.5.18 Job Agreement Service 1925.5.19 Reservation Agreement Service 1925.5.20 Data Access Agreement Service 1935.5.21 Queuing Service 1935.5.22 Open Grid Services Infrastructure 1935.5.23 Common Management Model 1955.6 Security Considerations 1965.7 Examples of OGSA Mechanisms in Support of VO Structures 1976 Grid System Deployment Issues, Approaches, and Tools 2016.1 Generic Implementations: Globus Toolkit 2016.1.1 Globus Toolkit tools and APIs 2036.1.2 Details on Key Tookit Protocols 2076.1.3 Globus Toolkit Version 3 2136.1.4 Applications 2166.2 Grid Computing Environments 2176.2.1 Introduction 2176.2.2 Portal Services 2196.3 Basic Grid Deployment and Management Issues 2206.3.1 Products Categories 2216.3.2 Business Grid Types 2216.3.3 Deploying a Basic Computing Grid 2236.3.4 Deploying More Complex Computing Grids 2246.3.5 Grid Networking Infrastucture Required for Deployment 2266.3.6 Grid Operation—Basic Steps 2306.3.7 Deployment Challenges and Approaches 2316.4 Grid Security Details—Deployment Peace of Mind 2346.4.1 Basic Approach and Mechanisms 2346.4.2 Additional Perspectives 2366.4.3 Conclusion 2497 Grid System Economics 2517.1 Introduction 2527.2 Grid Economic Services Architecture 2557.2.1 Introduction 2557.2.2 Overview 2567.2.3 The Chargeable Grid Service (CGS) 2587.2.4 The Grid Payment System 2677.2.5 GPSHold Service 2747.2.6 The Grid CurrencyExchange Service 2757.2.7 An Example 2777.2.8 Security Considerations 2808 Communication Systems for Local Grids 2818.1 Introduction and Positioning 2818.2 SAN-Related Technology 2848.2.1 Fibre Channel Technology—Native Mode 2858.2.2 Fibre Channel Technology—Tunneled Modes 2988.3 LAN-Related Technology 3038.3.1 Standards 3038.3.2 Key concepts 3079 Communication Systems for National Grids 3139.1 Multilink Frame Relay 3139.1.1 Motivations and Scope 3159.1.2 Multilink Frame Relay Basics 3199.2 MPLS Technology 3219.2.1 Approaches 3229.2.2 MPLS Operation 3249.2.3 Key Mechanisms Supporting MPLS 3289.2.4 Service Availability 33210 Communication Systems for Global Grids 33310.1 The Basics of Layer 2 and layer 3 VPNs 33410.2 The Layer 3 Approach 33410.3 Layer 2 MPLS VPNs-A Different Philosophy 33610.4 Which Works Better Where? 33710.5 A Grid Computing Application 338References 339Glossary 353Index 365

"...a comprehensive book with substantial amount of information about grid computing...a great starting point for those who want to migrate to a grid computing system." (E-STREAMS, August 2005)