Daron Acemoglu is the Charles P. Kinderberger Professor of Applied Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a research associate of the NBER. Kenneth Rogoff is the Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Public Policy and professor of economics at Harvard University and a research associate of the NBER. Michael Woodford is the John Bates Clark Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University and a research associate of the NBER.