Del i serien Current Issues in Production Ecology

Modelling Potential Crop Growth Processes

Textbook with Exercises

Häftad, Engelska, 1994

AvJ. Goudriaan,H.H. Van Laar

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This textbook contains the material for a course in the major principles of modelling crop growth processes. There is much more to crop growth than what is discussed in this textbook, but it provides a sound basis for further work and study in this field. Chapter by chapter, the book leads the reader to different modelled aspects of crop growth, and at the end, the reader will have a good understanding of the Wageningen simulation model SUCROS for the potential production situation. By then, it will be much easier to find one's way through descriptions and listings of other models. Throughout the text, the study of the different topics is facilitated by exercises that support the course in a hands-on computer practical exercise. A very simple crop growth model, almost entirely based on radiation interception, is given first. This skeleton model is then expanded by submodels for respiration, carbon assimilation, plant development and a more detailed model for radiation interception and reflection. Modelling of transpiration and the leaf energy balance is given by way of introduction.There are many listings of the submodels, written in the simulation language FST (FORTRAN Simulation Translator), as well as of SUCROS itself, together with comments. Some supporting theory is provided in the form of appendices. The book is intended for students and scientists who would like to acquire a working knowledge of the technique of crop growth modelling.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum1994-10-31
Mått152 x 229 x 14 mm
Vikt664 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
SerieCurrent Issues in Production Ecology
Antal sidor239
FörlagKluwer Academic Publishers
ISBN9780792332206

Tillhör följande kategorier

Botanik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Växtböcker inom Djur och Natur

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Levels of understanding of crop growth.- 1.2 Growth factors and production situations.- 1.3 CO2 assimilation as a basis.- 1.4 Some general modelling considerations.- 1.5 Outline of the book.- 2 The main seasonal growth pattern.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The growth phases.- 2.3 Exponential-linear growth: one equation.- 2.4 A special case: rm, cm,p1 and s are constant.- 2.5 Application for variable weather conditions.- 2.6 Generalization on approaching the senescence phase.- 2.7 A term for losses due to maintenance respiration.- 2.8 Additional exercises.- 2.9 Solutions to the exercises.- 2.10 Symbols and acronyms used in Chapter 2.- 3 Climatic factors.- 3.1 Importance of the diurnal course.- 3.2 The daily progress of the incident global radiation.- 3.3 Temperature.- 3.4 Humidity.- 3.5 Wind speed.- 3.6 Annual temperature course.- 3.7 Additional exercises.- 3.8 Solutions to the exercises.- 3.9 Symbols and acronyms used in Chapter 3.- 4 Assimilate flow and respiration.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Growth and respiration.- 4.3 Short-circuiting the assimilate pool on the long-term.- 4.4 Growth respiration and chemical composition.- 4.5 Maintenance respiration.- 4.6 Additional exercises.- 4.7 Solutions to the exercises.- 4.8 Symbols and acronyms used in Chapter 4.- 5 Development and growth.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Development stages.- 5.3 Development rate and environmental factors.- 5.4 Distribution of dry matter and development stage.- 5.5 Leaf area growth.- 5.6 Solutions to the exercises.- 5.7 Symbols and acronyms used in Chapter 5.- 6 Radiation in crops.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 A model crop with black horizontal leaves.- 6.3 Black leaves that are not horizontal.- 6.4 Horizontal leaves that are not black.- 6.5 Scattering leaves, non-horizontal.- 6.6 Scattering by leaves and soil.- 6.7 Distribution of absorption of light over the leaf canopy.- 6.8 Clustering.- 6.9 Additional exercise.- 6.10 Solutions to the exercises.- 6.11 Symbols and acronyms used in Chapter 6.- 7 Leaf energy balance and transpiration.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Energy balance of a non-transpiring leaf.- 7.3 Thermal (‘long-wave’) radiation: 3 – 20 ?m.- 7.4 Evaporation from a wet surface.- 7.5 Leaf transpiration.- 7.6 Units of conductance: m s?1 or ?mol m?2 s?1.- 7.7 Notation with the coupling factor Omega.- 7.8 Additional exercises.- 7.9 Solutions to the exercises.- 7.10 Symbols and acronyms used in Chapter 7.- 8 Analysis of leaf CO2 assimilation.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The photosynthesis-light response curve.- 8.3 The light and dark processes in CO2 assimilation.- 8.4 Limitation by low CO2.- 8.5 Maximal photosynthetic capacity (at both high light and high CO2).- 8.6 Limitation by low light.- 8.7 The C3 cycle, photorespiration and the CO2 compensation point.- 8.8 Temperature.- 8.9 Additional exercises.- 8.10 Solutions to the exercises.- 8.11 Symbols and acronyms used in Chapter 8.- References.- Appendix 1 Richards and Gompertz functions.- A1.1 Richards function.- A1.2 Gompertz function.- Appendix 2 Gaussian integration in simulation modelling.- A2.1 Introduction.- A2.2 Canopy photosynthesis.- A2.3 Solution to the exercise.- Appendix 3 SUCROS1 — A crop growth model for potential production.- A3.1 Introduction.- A3.2 Initial conditions.- A3.3 Crop development (Chapter 5).- A3.6 Carbohydrate production (Chapter 4).- A3.7 Maintenance (Chapter 4).- A3.8 Dry matter partitioning (Chapter 5).- A3.9 Growth of plant organs and translocation (Chapts 4 and 5).- A3.10 Leaf and ear development (Chapter 5).- A3.11 Dry matter production.- A3.12 Weather data(Chapter 3).- A3.13 Carbon balance check (Chapter 4).- A3.14 Run control.- A3.15 Structure and listing of the model.- A3.16 Definition of the abbreviations used in SUCROS1.- Appendix 4 SUCROS1 — adapted for soil reflection.- Appendix 5 The FORTRAN Simulation Translator (FST), a simulation language.- A5.1 Introduction.- A5.2 The structure of the model.- A5.3 FST example program simulating logistic growth.- A5.4 Comment lines and FST statements.- A5.5 Rules for FST keywords, variable names and values.- A5.6 Definition of input values of the model (PARAMETER, INCON, CONSTANT, FUNCTION).- A5.7 Hierarchy of operations in expressions, and the use of FST functions and FORTRAN functions.- A5.8 FST keywords for output (TITLE, PRINT, OUTPUT).- A5.9 FST run control keywords (TRANSLATION_GENERAL, TRANSLATION_FSE, TIMER, FINISH).- A5.10 Weather data in FST programs (WEATHER).- A5.11 Rerun facility, the END keyword.- A5.12 FORTRAN subroutines with FST, the STOP keyword.- Appendix 6 Derivation of the equations for exponential extinction of horizontal, non-black leaves (after Goudriaan (1977), pg 13–14).