Micro- and Nano-Structured Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Prof. Dr. Sabu Thomas teaches at Mahatma Gandhi University's School of Chemical Sciences and International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.Dr. Daniel Grande is a CNRS senior researcher based at the East-Paris Institute of Chemistry and Materials Science belonging to both CNRS and the "Université Paris-Est Créteil."Dr. Uros Cvelbar is a researcher at Slovenia's Jozef Stefan Institute.Dr. K.V.S.N. Raju and Dr. Ramanuj Narayan are scientists working with the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology's Polymers and Functional Materials Division.Dr. Selvin P. Thomas iis an assistant professor in Chemical Engineering in the Yanbu Research Center of the Royal Commission for Yanbu Colleges and Institutes (RCYCI).Akhina H is a senior research fellow(CSIR) at International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and  Nanotechnology at Mahatma Gandhi University.

• List of Contributors xiii1 Micro‐ and Nano-structured Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: State of the Art, New Challenges, and Opportunities 1Jose James, George V. Thomas, Akhina H. and Sabu Thomas1.1 Introduction 11.2 Types of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 21.3 Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 51.4 Characterization of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 81.5 Applications of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 231.6 Future Trends 23Acknowledgement 25References 252 Miscibility, Morphology, and Phase Behavior of IPNs 29Xuemei Wu, Gaohong He, Xiaoming Yan, Xiangcun Li, Wu Xiao and Xiaobin Jiang2.1 Introduction 292.2 Miscibility of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 302.3 Phase Diagram 352.4 Morphology of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 43Acknowledgments 62References 623 Synthetic Rubber‐Based IPNs 69Qihua Wang, Shoubing Chen and Tingmei Wang3.1 Introduction 693.2 Synthetic Rubber‐Based IPNs 713.3 Summary and Conclusions 101Acknowledgments 102References 1024 Micro‐ and Nanostructured IPNs Based on Thermosetting Resins 109Sanja Marinović, Ivanka Popović and Branko Dunjić4.1 Introduction 1094.2 Experimental Details 1104.3 Influence of HBP(A) Contents in IPNs on IPN Mechanical Properties 1154.4 Influence of Reactive Diluent in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks on their Properties 1194.5 Conclusions 124Acknowledgment 125References 1255 Macro‐, Meso‐, and Nanoporous Systems Designed from IPNs 127Daniel Grande5.1 Introduction 1275.2 Porous Systems Derived from Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 1305.3 (Nano)Porous Systems Derived from Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 1355.4 Conclusions 139Acknowledgments 140References 1406 Natural Rubber‐Based Micro‐ and Nanostructured IPNs 145Sa‐Ad Riyajan6.1 Introduction 1456.2 Natural Rubber 1466.3 Synthesis of Polymer IPN 1486.4 Properties of IPN Made from NR and Plastics 1556.5 Conclusions 174Acknowledgments 174References 1747 The Synthesis and the Applications of IPNs Based on Smart Polymers 179Guillermina Burillo, Emilio Bucio and Lorena Garcia‐Uriostegui7.1 Introduction 1797.2 Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers 1807.3 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks 1817.4 The Synthesis and the Applications of Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks and Interpenetrating Networks 1817.5 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 1847.6 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks Synthesized by Ionizing Radiation 1867.7 Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks and Interpenetrating Networks in the Heavy Ions Immobilization 1887.8 The Novel Architectures of IPNs Developed by Ionizing Radiation Polymerization 1897.9 Conclusions 192Acknowledgments 192References 1938 Microscopy of IPNs 199Rameshwar Adhikari8.1 Introduction and Overview 1998.2 Sample Preparation Techniques for Microscopic Analysis 2008.3 Microscopy of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: An Overview 2028.4 Morphological Characterization of Polymer Networks 2068.5 Concluding Notes 220Acknowledgments 220References 2209 Viscoelastic Properties of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 229Sudipta Goswami9.1 Introduction 2299.2 Viscoelastic Properties of Simultaneous IPNs 2349.3 Viscoelastic Properties of Sequential IPNs 2419.4 Overall Summary and Future Scope 2529.5 Conclusion 255References 25610 Interpenetrating and Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Polyurethane 259Chepuri R.K. Rao, Ramanuj Narayan and K.V.S.N. Raju10.1 Introduction 259References 27811 Solid‐State NMR and ESR Studies of IPNs 283Srećko Valić, Mladen Andreis and Damir Klepac11.1 Introduction 28311.2 Theoretical Background 28411.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 29011.4 Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 30211.5 Conclusion 313References 31312 Diffusion, Transport, and Barrier Properties of IPNs 319Runcy Wilson, S. Anil Kumar, Miran Mozetič, Uroš Cvelbar and Sabu Thomas12.1 Introduction 31912.2 Background of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 32012.3 Transport Properties: Theoretical and Practical Aspects 32112.4 Transport Mechanism 32412.5 Sorption and Diffusion of Solvents 32612.6 Gas Barrier Properties of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 33112.7 Pervaporation Characteristics of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 33212.8 Principles of Pervaporation 33312.9 Vapor Sorption 33412.10 Conclusion 33512.11 Applications, Challenges, Difficulties, and Future Directions 335References 33613 Aging of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 341Selvin P. Thomas and Mohammed N. Alghamdi13.1 Introduction 34113.2 Aging of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 34213.3 Conclusion 361References 36214 Theoretical Modeling and Simulation of IPNs 365Prathab Baskar14.1 Introduction 36514.2 Theoretical Simulations 36614.3 Molecular Dynamics Methods and Theory 36814.4 Molecular Dynamic Study of Surface/Interface Properties of Thermoplastic Apparent Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Organic–Inorganic Composite Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 37514.5 Conclusions 380References 38015 Applications of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 383Radhika Raveendran and Chandra P. Sharma15.1 Introduction 38315.2 What are Interpenetrating Polymer Networks? 38415.3 Properties of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 38515.4 Applications of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 38515.5 Conclusion 393References 394Index 399