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Why does the Japanese government often alter its course of action under pressure from the United States, even when doing so apparently undermines Japan's own interests? Japan's marked responsiveness to U.S. preferences regarding foreign aid policy appears counterintuitive, since Japan's demonstrated capability to donate funds rivals and has previously surpassed that of the U.S. In Limits to Power, Akitoshi Miyashita posits that Japan's deference to the will of the U.S. results from Japan's continuing role as the more dependent partner in the two countries' interdependent diplomatic and economic relationship.Miyashita critically reviews the existing literature on Japanese foreign aid, then tests his own argument against five case studies. After analyzing critical junctures in Japan's history of foreign aid to China, Vietnam, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, he concludes that Japan's consistent sway under U.S. opinion reflects an act of will on Japan's part, rather than a lack of coherent policy stemming from bureaucratic politics. Limits to Power boldly challenges current arguments that Japan has successfully distanced itself from "reactive" politics.
Akitoshi Miyashita is Associate Professor of International Relations at Tokyo International University. He is co-editor of Japanese Foreign Policy in Asia and the Pacific: Domestic Interests, American Pressure, and Regional Integration (2001).
Part 1 Puzzle, Theory, and MethodologyChapter 2 IntroductionChapter 3 American Pressure and Japanese Foreign AidChapter 4 Gaiatsu and PreferencesPart 5 CasesChapter 6 China: The Tiananmen Square Incident and the Resumption of Yen LoansChapter 7 Vietnam: Lifting Bilateral and Multilateral Aid SanctionsChapter 8 Russia: The Retreat from the Linkage StrategyChapter 9 Iran: The Controversy over the Hydroelectric Power Plant ProjectChapter 10 North Korea: The KEDO and the Politics of Burden-SharingPart 11 Conclusions and ImplicationsChapter 12 Structural Constraints of Japanese PowerChapter 13 Rethinking the Reactive-Proactive Debate
Miyashita operates in a realist world and sets the research question in the broader context of Japan's rise in the interstate hierarchy over the past few decades. He reminds us that Japan has not truly escaped its asymmetric dependence on the United States. The analytic precision that is brought to bear allows this study to eclipse other work in this area.