Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology

Anuj Kumar Chandel, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.

• List of Contributors xiiiPreface xx1 White Biotechnology: Impeccable Role in Sustainable Bioeconomy 1Anuj Kumar Chandel, Jesús J. Ascencio, Akhilesh K. Singh, Ruly T. Hilares, Lucas Ramos, Rishi Gupta, Yeruva Thirupathaiah, and Sridevi Jagavati1.1 Introduction 11.2 Biomass Feedstock: Types and Composition 31.3 Biomass Pretreatment: An Overview and State- of- the- Art 41.4 Lignocellulosic Sugar Production 51.5 Production of Ethanol and Biodiesel 81.6 Drop- in Renewable Biofuels: Green Hydrocarbons 111.7 Global Scenario of the Biofuel Industry 121.8 Economic Outcomes 141.9 Sustainability and Biorefinery 161.10 Conclusion 162 Lignocellulose Feedstock Availability, Types of Feedstocks, and New Designer Crops 24V. Guadalupe Bustos, R. Daniel Trujillo, C. Linda M. Martínez, and S. Rodolfo Torres2.1 Introduction 242.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 252.3 Biomass Conversion Pathways 292.4 Different Types of Biomass Available in Mexico 362.5 Conclusion 423 Lignocellulose Bioconversion: Technical Aspects and New Developments 55J Gamboa- Santos and A Alzamendi3.1 Introduction 553.2 Lignocellulosic (LC) Biomass Composition 563.3 Biorefinery Concept in the Era of Sustainable Circular Economy 573.4 Biorefinery Treatments 583.5 New Innovative Technologies and Developments 673.6 Final Remarks 744 An Evaluation of Steam Explosion Pretreatment to Enhance the Digestibility of Lignocellulosic Biomass 83Bhima Bhukya and Praveen K. Keshav4.1 Introduction 834.2 Mode of Action and Types of Steam Explosion Pretreatment 864.3 Factors Affecting the Steam Explosion Pretreatment 874.4 Various Post- pretreatment Approaches to Improve Saccharification of Steam Exploded Biomass 914.5 Summary and Conclusions 915 The Role of Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Biorefinery Development 99Katarina R. Mihajlovski and Marija D. Miliæ5.1 Introduction 995.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass— the Plant Cell Wall 1005.3 The Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes 1015.4 Cellulases in a Biorefinery Development 1025.5 Microbial Fermentations for Cellulase Production 1215.6 Conclusion 1246 Microbial Production of Biobased Chemicals: Improvements and Challenges 136Luana Assis Serra, Débora Trichez, Clara Vida G. C. Carneiro, Letícia M. Mallmann Ferreira, Paula F. Franco, and João Ricardo M. Almeida6.1 Introduction 1366.2 Challenges in Developing Microorganisms for Lignocellulosic Sugar Utilization 1386.3 Relevant Biobased Chemicals from Biomass 1416.4 Microbial Products from Sugar Fermentation 1456.5 Conclusion 1657 Molecular Biology Based Innovations in Lignocellulose Biorefinery 177Nilesh Kumar Sharma and Mohit Bibra7.1 Introduction 1777.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass Potential 1787.3 Biomass Pretreatment 1787.4 Different Approaches to Enhance Xylose Utilization 1837.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 1928 Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology and their Role in Uplifting Lignocellulose Bioeconomy 203Nayanika Sarkar, Adhinarayan Vamsidhar, Pratham Khaitan, and Samuel Jacob8.1 Introduction 2038.2 Synthetic Biology Routes for Cellulose Degradation in Lignocellulosic Biomass 2098.3 Synthetic Biology Routes for the Production of Low- value and High- value Alcohols 2138.4 Conclusion 2179 Lignocellulose Bioconversion through Chemical Methods, Platform Chemicals, and New Chemicals 221Manoela Martins, Patrícia F. Ávila, Marcos Fellipe da Silva, Allan Henrique Felix de Melo, Alberto M. Moura Lopes, and Rosana Goldbeck9.1 Introduction 2219.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 2229.3 Pretreatment and Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Materials 2239.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 2299.5 Biorefinery—Biobased Chemicals Platform 23310 Lignin Conversion through Biological and Chemical Routes 248Marcos H. L. Silveira, Alain E. M. Mera, Anuj Kumar Chandel, and Eduardo A. Ribeiro10.1 Introduction 24810.2 Conclusions 25511 Downstream Processing in Lignocellulose Conversion: Current Challenges and Future Practices 261Kelly J. Dussán, Débora D. V. Silva, Ana F. M. Costa, Luana C. Grangeiro, and Ellen C. Giese11.1 Introduction 26111.2 Challenges and Perspectives Encompassing Circular Economy 26311.3 Improving Lignocellulose Conversion for Future Bioeconomy 26711.4 Industry 4.0: Advanced Technologies for the Biorefinery Platform 27411.5 Conclusions 28012 Scale- up Process Challenges in Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion and Possible Solutions to Overcome the Hurdles 289Henrique M. Baudel, Danielle Matias Rodrigues, Eduardo Diebold, and Anuj Kumar Chandel12.1 Introduction 28912.2 Lignocellulosic Conversion Processes and Engineering: Challenges and Possible Solutions 29312.3 Ethanol from Eucalyptus Wastes 30412.4 Ethanol and Xylitol Production from Sprinkled Sugarcane Straw 30712.5 Conclusions and Remarks 30913 Techno- economic Analysis of Bioconversion of Woody Biomass to Ethanol 312Deepak Kumar, Anuj Kumar Chandel, and Lakhveer Singh13.1 Introduction 31213.2 Techno- economic Analysis 31313.3 Bioconversion of Woody Biomass to Ethanol 31513.4 Techno- economic Analysis of Woody Biomass to Ethanol 32013.5 Integrated TEA and life cycle assessment (LCA) 32313.6 Conclusions 32514 Environmental Indicators, Life Cycle Analysis and Ecological Perspective on Biomass Conversion 330Andreza A. Longati, Ediane S. Alves, Simone C. Myoshi, Andrew M. Elias, Felipe F. Furlan, Everson A. Miranda, and Roberto C. Giordano14.1 Introduction 33014.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 33414.3 New Brazilian National Biofuel Policy (RenovaBio): A Case Study for Sugarcane Distilleries 33814.4 Process Systems Engineering Tools for Biomass LCA 34114.5 Retro Techno- economic Environmental Analysis 34315 Green Consumerism and Role in Uplifting Lignocellulose Bioeconomy 351BS Dhanya15.1 Introduction 35115.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass and its Contribution in Bioeconomy 35215.3 Lignocellulosic Bioeconomy and its Sustainability in the World 35615.4 Green Consumerism and its Upsurge in the Lignocellulosic Bioeconomy 35915.5 Challenges in Green Consumerism 36115.6 Future Prospects 36315.7 Conclusion 36316 Going Green: Achieving the Circular Economy with Sustainable Biorefineries, Process Scale- Up, and Fermentation Optimization 367Sreenivas R. Ravella, David N. Bryant, Phil J. Hobbs, Ana Winters, David J. Warren- Walker, and Joe Gallagher16.1 Introduction 36716.2 Sustainable Biorefineries and Supply Chain Aspects 36816.3 Pretreatment of Biomass Using Pilot- Scale Steam Explosion Rigs 37016.4 Taguchi Methodology for Process Optimization 37216.5 Process Automation 37216.6 Microbial Adaptation, Evolution, and Diversity for Process Optimization 38116.7 Final Remarks and Conclusions 387Acknowledgements 388References 388Index 398