'The assemblage envisions languages and texts as, in Pennycook's words, 'constantly under construction', enabling an analysis of 'how they are put together through social processes'. This conceptual framework, which a few years ago occupied an avant-garde niche within applied linguistics, has become indispensable. Pennycook's brilliant and lucid study incorporates assemblage at many levels, from the everyday practice of translanguaging and the contexts it occurs in, to the field of applied linguistics itself, as an assemblage of concepts and methods which, far from being a mere application of linguistic theory, is generating increasingly rich and ambitious theories of its own.' John E. Joseph, Professor of Applied Linguistics, University of Edinburgh