Knowledge and Ideation

Pierre Saulais is a research associate at the Institute for Knowledge and Innovation, Bangkok University, Thailand. His research focuses on knowledge-based innovation, as well as the generation and extraction of inventive knowledge.

• Foreword xiiiPreface xviiPart 1 Inventive Knowledge and Inventive Intellectual Corpus 1Chapter 1 Nature of Inventive Knowledge 31.1 Knowledge levels 31.1.1 Knowledge in everyday life 41.1.2 Scientific knowledge 41.1.3 Knowledge in the Japanese intellectual tradition 41.1.4 Knowledge according to cognitive science 51.2 The limits of knowledge 61.3 Value chain and knowledge evolution chain 71.3.1 The knowledge value chain inspired by Porter 71.3.2 The DIKW knowledge evolution chain 161.4 Inventive knowledge concepts 211.4.1 Current and fruitful ideas 211.4.2 Depth of inventive knowledge 221.5 Cognitive and social dimensions of the knowledge actor 221.5.1 From erudite (scholar) to expert 231.5.2 From expert to inventor 231.6 Conclusion 24Chapter 2 Representation and Analysis of Inventive Knowledge 252.1 The concept of dematerialized knowledge object 252.1.1 Founding principle 252.1.2 Illustration by electromagnetic wave detection object 262.1.3 Application to the description included in patents 272.2 Cartography or mapping 282.2.1 Introduction 282.2.2 Information mapping 282.2.3 Knowledge mapping 292.3 The map 302.3.1 Introduction to the map 302.3.2 Types of maps 312.4 Cognitive mapping 322.5 The cognitive map 322.6 A reasoned procedure for analyzing inventive knowledge 352.6.1 Introduction 352.6.2 Work on a knowledge structure 362.6.3 Example of an invention file 372.7 Conclusion 40Chapter 3 Knowledge: Bridge between Innovation, Invention and Intellectual Property 413.1 Innovation 413.1.1 Multidimensional aspect of innovation 413.1.2 Innovation procedures and processes 423.2 Invention and the ability to invent 443.2.1 Concept of inventiveness 443.2.2 Concept of creativity 443.2.3 Combining creativity and inventiveness 463.3 Intellectual property rights 463.3.1 General information on intellectual property rights and copyright 463.3.2 The patent 473.3.3 Summary 483.4 Analysis of the links between invention, innovation and inventive intellectual corpus 483.4.1 Links between industrial property rights and innovation 483.4.2 Links between industrial property rights and invention 493.4.3 Links between invention and intellectual property rights 513.4.4 Links between innovation and intellectual property rights 513.4.5 Links between invention and innovation 513.4.6 Links between innovation and invention 513.4.7 Reciprocal links of the inventive activity and the inventive intellectual corpus 513.5 The nature of the bridges between knowledge domains 533.5.1 The perspective of economists 543.5.2 The knowledge management perspective on innovation 543.5.3 The perspective of KBI (Knowledge-Based Innovation) 553.6 Conclusion 55Chapter 4 Knowledge Capital and Inventive Intellectual Corpus 574.1 Knowledge capital and intellectual corpus 574.1.1 Knowledge capital 574.1.2 Intellectual corpus 574.2 Inventive intellectual corpus 644.2.1 Dematerialized nature of the inventive intellectual corpus 644.2.2 Epistemic diagram of the inventive intellectual corpus 644.2.3 Inventive intellectual corpus versus intangible capital 654.2.4 Inventive intellectual corpus and creation of inventive knowledge 654.2.5 Traces in the inventive intellectual corpus 684.3 Projection of the inventive intellectual corpus on the inventive knowledge map ® 694.4 Conclusion 71Part 2 Knowledge-Based Innovation 75Chapter 5 Innovation Dynamics and Innovation as a Mode of Innovative Problem Solving 775.1 Innovation dynamics 775.2 Using knowledge to find innovative solutions 795.2.1 Relationship between knowledge management and innovation within the general framework 795.2.2 Relationship between knowledge management and innovation within the context of research and development activities 835.2.3 Known knowledge management methods instrumenting innovation 835.3 Overview of some common methods and techniques 845.4 Innovation and knowledge evolution by the principle of divergence-convergence 855.5 Innovation and knowledge evolution by the principle of analogy 865.6 Innovation and knowledge evolution by the principle of expansion 875.7 Generalization: global problem-solving process 885.8 Conclusion 89Chapter 6 Innovation in Ideation Mode 916.1 The concept of ideation 916.2 Knowledge-based innovation (KBI) field 916.2.1 Relationship between knowledge management and innovation 926.2.2 Management by the strategic capabilities portfolio 926.2.3 Knowledge-based innovation as a process 926.2.4 Two key hypotheses 936.2.5 Systemic evolution 946.2.6 Path dependency 966.3 Principle of emergence 976.3.1 Need for a new principle for creativity 976.3.2 Principle of emergence 986.4 Theoretical model of knowledge evolution (the “chaotically” inspired model of knowledge evolution by emergence) 1006.4.1 Step 1: knowledge, a complex system 1006.4.2 Step 2: knowledge creation, an evolution of the knowledge system 1016.4.3 Step 3: description of knowledge evolution by another complex system 1026.4.4 Step 4: generalization of the evolution process to any complex system evolving over time 1026.5 Theoretical model of inventive knowledge creation (step 5) 1056.6 Instantiation of the “chaotically” inspired model of knowledge evolution by the ICAROS ® method (step 6) 1076.7 The purpose of ideation for innovation 1106.8 Conclusion 110Chapter 7 Implementation of the ICAROS ® Method: Case Study 1137.1 Introduction to the case study 1137.2 Funnel model 1137.3 Presentation of the experiment context 1147.3.1 Concept of Knowledge and Technology Areas Portfolio 1157.3.2 Adaptation of the Knowledge and Technology Areas Portfolio concept to the company under observation: the Knowledge and Technology Areas Portfolio 1177.4 Preliminary step: constitution of cognitive stimulus 1187.4.1 Structuring of the intellectual corpus by knowledge domain 1187.4.2 Development of cognitive stimulus 1247.5 Course 1307.5.1 Individual stimulation session 1317.5.2 Seminar 1377.5.3 Dissemination 1477.6 Conclusion in the form of lessons learned 147Part 3 Inventive Activity and Visibility of Inventive Potential 151Chapter 8 The Inventive Potential of a Company 1538.1 Reminder on inventive activity 1538.2 Notion of inventive potential 1548.3 Annual innovation and invention activity file 1548.4 Concept of making the inventive potential visible 1568.5 Inventive data knowledge base 1588.6 Introduction to the activation of inventive knowledge extracted from inventive intellectual corpus 1588.7 Conclusion 160Chapter 9 Managerial Applications 1619.1 Reasoned contribution to technical strategic decision-making support 1619.2 Strategic surveillance 1629.2.1 Introduction 1629.2.2 The place of strategic surveillance in overall performance steering 1629.2.3 Knowledge management and environment surveillance 1659.2.4 Interaction between knowledge capital and its environment 1669.2.5 Knowledge-based strategic surveillance 1689.3 Information system on patent portfolio management 1729.3.1 Introduction 1739.3.2 The patent file considered as a knowledge object 1739.3.3 Description of the patent information system 1749.3.4 Descriptive sheet of a patent file 1779.3.5 Presentation support for the inventor’s working file 1789.3.6 Applications 1789.4 Valorization of inventive activity associated with intangible assets 1839.4.1 Limits of automated analysis of technical information contained in a patent portfolio 1849.4.2 Limits to the quality of the drafting of patent files 1869.4.3 Identification of the knowledge generated by the inventive activity involved in the patent 1879.5 Publication policy 1879.6 Determination of the inventive activity for the research tax credit 1889.6.1 Industrial research and development 1889.6.2 Characteristics of the research tax credit in France 1899.6.3 Application of inventive knowledge engineering methods 1919.7 Reasoned contribution to innovation management 1959.8 The knowledge worker 1969.8.1 Knowledge worker definitions 1969.8.2 Characteristics of the knowledge worker 1969.8.3 The knowledge worker in their relationship with the law 1979.8.4 Knowledge Manager 1999.9 A new profession: the inventive activity expert 2029.10 The cognitive scientist and inventive activity expert pair 2039.11 Need for a change in culture 2039.11.1 Compatibility of conventional companies with the development of creativity 2039.11.2 New knowledge-based organization 2049.12 Conclusion 204Part 4 Perspectives 207Chapter 10 Knowledge Assessment Based on Knowledge 20910.1 Introduction 20910.2 Fundamental principles of knowledge management 21210.2.1 The virtuous circle of knowledge management 21210.2.2 Notion of critical knowledge 21310.2.3 Reminder: ascent along the knowledge evolution chain 21410.3 Reminder on the social mechanism for stimulating creativity and reflexivity 21510.3.1 Reminder on the model of “chaotic” evolution 21510.3.2 Instantiation of the creativity process: the ICAROS ® method 21510.4 Transposition to the knowledge assessment field 21610.4.1 Application of the fundamental principles of knowledge management 21610.4.2 Application of the social mechanism of stimulation 21710.5 Case study (2019–2020 academic year) 21810.5.1 Context 21810.5.2 Objectives of the action research 21910.5.3 Preparation of the framework 21910.5.4 Precautions taken with regard to students 22110.5.5 Example of exercise subject terms 22110.5.6 Analysis of the score database 22410.5.7 Benefits of the analysis in the institution 23110.5.8 Lessons learned and perspectives 23110.6 Conclusion 232Chapter 11 Towards an IKM ® : Inventive Knowledge Management 23511.1 Introduction to the second level of the ICAROS ® method 23511.1.1 Reminder on the first level of the ICAROS ® method 23511.1.2 The second level of the ICAROS ® method 23611.1.3 Notions of creativity 23811.1.4 Contribution of creativity and inventiveness to ideation 24611.2 Knowledge-based ideation 24811.2.1 Introduction to the Idea according to Plato 24811.2.2 Knowledge-based ideation and supervenience 24911.2.3 Gestalt theory 25211.2.4 Synthesis of knowledge-based ideation 25811.3 Inventive profile engineering 25911.4 Perspectives from the academic point of view 26111.4.1 Inventive knowledge creation process as a study object in itself 26111.4.2 Theoretical approach to knowledge by the physical sciences 26111.4.3 Extension of the exploration to non-creativity 26211.4.4 Reminder on the path hypothesis 26211.5 Conclusion 263Glossary 265References 281Index 295