Japanese Environmental Design and Management for Sustainable Urbanism

Takashi Ariga has been practicing and teaching urban and environmental design for 30 years. He is a professor of the Department of Architecture and the former dean of the School and Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering at Waseda University, Japan. He is currently a vice president of the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ). His academic field encompasses the collaborative planning theories and methods with citizen participation. He has advised national and local governments in Japan, and has been invited as a distinguished guest speaker at several foreign universities and international conferences.

• List of figuresList of tablesList of photosList of contributorsIntroductionTakashi Ariga1 Organization of this book2 Satoyama as a new urban theory and its perspective on design planning and regional projects3 Selectable urban image of integrated production and living through an infill network ofSatoyama environmentReferencesSECTION I Examining Ecology and Morphology Restorations for Sustainable Urban Regions 1 Issues related to reassessing the values of water infrastructures in the context of SatoyamaYoh Sasaki1.1 Preface1.2 Gujo-Hachiman A town that has made traditional water use infrastructure the core of its urban design1.2.1 Water Use in a Castle Town1.2.2 Design for the revaluation of traditional water use facilities1.2.3 A sense of connection to nature fostered by daily interactions with water1.3 Fukushimagata Wetland: Creating a View of the Nature for the People in Urban Lifestyle through the Satogata1.3.1 Water control in a flat lowland area1.3.2 Value of Fukushimagata as a rich natural environment site1.3.3 The gaps and the limitation among the awareness of the people concerning the wetland1.3.4 Understanding the connections surrounding the Fukushimagata1.3.5 Design for understanding the relationship with flood control functions1.4 Regional Planning and Design from the Perspective of Water Infrastructure1.4.1 The design methodology for awareness and involvement1.4.2 An integrated planning perspective for water infrastructure that enjoys diverse Ecosystem ServicesReferences2 Redefining the use of abandoned urban spacesKenjiro Matsuura2.1 Redefining abandoned land – from a space that belongs to no one to Shared-Satoyama2.2 Turning public spaces into “Shared-Satoyama,” spaces for everyone2.3 Making common spaces a “satoyama” for everyone2.4 Turning private spaces into “satoyama,” spaces for everyone2.5 Tactical urbanism as a tacticReferences3 Eco-integrated community restoration and designs -Advanced case studies of rapid declines in populationsNoriko Akita3.1 Overview of case study area: Manazuru-town3.2 Purpose of this chapter3.3 Connection between the natural environment and local residents3.3.1 Industries related to the natural environment and geology3.3.2 Culture and religion deeply connected to the sea3.4 Bubble Economy Struck Small Towns3.4.1 Decline of Manazuru-town3.4.2 Resort Development Heating Up3.4.3 Development Pushed into Manazuru-town3.4.4 Creation of Manazuru-town's own development rules3.4.5 How was the "standards of beauty" created3.4.6 What is the essence of "standards of beauty"?3.4.7 How to adopt the "standards of beauty"3.5 Actual operation of the ordinance3.5.1 Process of applying “standards of beauty"3.5.2 Gradual changes in the town's landscape through the operation of the standards of beauty3.6 Crisis of the Ordinance3.6.1 Fighting with a developer3.6.2 Landscape Act to be enacted3.7 Connecting Manazuru-town's "Standards of beauty" to the Future3.7.1 Balance between development control and decline3.7.2 Accumulation of small landscape restorations by young people3.7.3 Inherited standards of beautyReferences4 Regional Planning and Machizukuri Design4.1 A Case of Lake Biwa as SatoumiToshihiko Abe4.1.1 History of Lake Biwa's Landscape and Environment Issues4.1.2 Regional Planning Encompassing the Lake Biwa4.1.2.1 Vision for Environmental Conservation4.1.2.2 Landscape Collaboration among Several Municipalities4.1.2.3 Ordinance to Promote Watershed Flood Control for Water Disaster Countermeasures4.1.3 Machizukuri Design Utilizing the Resources of Satoumi4.1.3.1 Community Space using Waterways and Vacant Houses4.1.3.2 Revitalization of the Main Street and Lakeshore Park4.1.3.3 Collaborative Network Connecting the Lakeshore and Hillside Area4.1.3.4 Machizukuri Design Proposal of Minami-Kusatsu4.1.4. Satoumi Urbanism Arising from the Lake Biwa Area NotesReferences 4.2 A Case of Minokamo City Satoyama Millennium Concept and Plan as an Opportunity to Create Sustainable SatoyamaHajime Okamoto4.2.1 Introduction4.2.2 Outline of Minokamo City and Current Situation/Issues of Satoyama4.2.3 "Satoyama Millennium Concept" and "Satoyama Millennium Basic Plan "4.2.3.1 Vision and Positioning4.2.3.2 The impetus for the creation of the "Millennium Concept" and the development process4.2.4 Project Development Policies of the "Millennium Plan"4.2.5 Outline and development of main projects4.2.5.1 Lectures on satoyama maintenance4.2.5.2 Satoyama maintenance in collaboration with private companies4.2.5.3 Forest Kindergarten project4.2.5.4 Abemaki School Desk Project4.2.5.5 Development of a community-based forest walking paths4.2.6 Creation of learning opportunities and promotion of satoyama lifestyle through "Satoyama Shure"4.2.7 Results and challenges of the various activities developed from the satoyama millennium concept and planNotesReferencesSECTION II Re-defining Urban Settlements and Restructuring City-Country Integrations5 Holistic approaches for integrated land use, ecosystems, and human settlements5.1 A Case of Shimotsuma: Holistic approaches of sustainable Satoyama environment in river basin starting from the familiar landscape of local communityKeisuke Sugano5.1.1 Overview of case study city: Shimotsuma5.1.2 The spatial characteristics around Sanuma5.1.2.1 Unity with the lake, the city and surrounding paddy fields5.1.2.2 Diverse lakeside activity spaces5.1.3 Sociocultural activities fostered around Sanuma5.1.3.1 Culture of enjoying the landscape5.1.3.2 Environmental management by local community5.1.3.3 Water level control based on consultations among various entities5.1.3.4 Community events by machizukuri entities5.1.4 Realizing a regional vision of city government in Sanuma5.1.4.1 Regional revitalization5.1.4.2 Environmental management5.1.5 Broadening to river basin scale5.1.6 Toward the holistic approach of sustainable Satoyama environment in the river basinAcknowledgementNotesReferences 5.2 A Case of Kanazawa: Holistic Approaches to a Medium-Sized City and Its Environment as a Place to LiveNaomi Uchida5.2.1 Overview of case study city: Kanazawa5.2.1.1 Purpose of this chapter5.2.2. History of Ordinances to Protect the Environment5.2.2.1 Traditional Environment Preservation Ordinance (enacted in 1968 expanded the target area in 1982)5.2.2.2 Water Channel for Irrigation Conservation Ordinance (1996)5.2.2.3 Slope Green Space Preservation Ordinance (1997)5.2.2.4 Ordinance on the Preservation of the Scenery of Temples and Shrines (2002)5.2.2.5 Other ordinances5.2.3. History of community's movement: Response to Communities Proposals5.2.3.1 Proposals and movements: Various proposals from the KACE -Movement to Kanazawa City Traditional Environment Preservation Ordinance5.2.3.2 “City Beautiful” Movement5.2.3.3 Kanazawa Townscape Trust Movement for Protecting Landscape (1987)5.2.3.4 Proposals for utilization of irrigation canals5.2.4. Socio-cultural relations and the local environmentNoteReferences6 Can urban ecology of traditional manufactural towns be requalified: Regional management organically linking socio-cultural hubs with surrounding SatoyamaTomoyuki Mashiko6.1 Introduction: Urban Ecology in Japanese regional towns6.2 Growth and decline of the traditional manufacturing industry in Kiryu and the historical development of Machizukuri6.2.1 Growth and decline of the traditional manufacturing industry and urban development6.2.2 From Machizukuri movement by reutilizing modern industrial heritages to “Fashion Town Vision”6.3 Various socio-cultural activities’ hubs and their linkages with Satoyama6.3.1 Social infrastructure for linking various small activities 6.3.2 Reutilization of historical building as inclusive hubs and Mulberry production and sericultural practices6.3.3 Challenges for new businesses using the remaining space and creating new socio-cultural activities in cooperation with people outside of Kiryu6.4 Potentials and issues of regional management to requalify urban ecologyReferences SECTION III Creating Holistic Heritage and Environmental Management and Urban Design7 Model Programs for Incorporating Satoyama and Urban Farmland into Community Improvement Practices: Implications from the Cases in Nagoya City and Nishitokyo CityAkito Murayama7.1 Urban land use planning and “the value of grey”7.2 Fujimakicho: Creating a Satoyama community in Nagoya City7.3 Nishitokyo City: Enhancing agri-residential mixed-use neighborhoods7.4 What are behind the civic movements?References8 Recombining innovative sociocultural activities initiated by residents, education, performances, and businesses with various historic and ecological communities8.1 The Village of the Craftsman Culture and Industrial landscape nurtured by Kilns and: Initiatives in the Hora District of Seto CityHajime Okamoto8.1.1 Seto City and Hora District Overview8.1.2 Discovery of the value of "kiln fences" (late 1950s)8.1.3 Activities related to the maintenance of the local environment by the "Hora-cho Bunka-kai" (1991-)8.1.4 Satoyama maintenance activities by the community organization "Kama-ato no Mori-bito" (since 2013)8.1.5 Establishment of "Seto Mingei-kan" (established in 2022)8.1.6 ConclusionNoteReferences8.2 SATOYAMA Conservation through the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale, the Frontrunner of Touring Art FestivalsSatoshi Nagano8.2.1 Satoyama Conservation and Civic Innovation through Touring Art Festivals8.2.1.1 Satoyama conservation through tour-type art festivals8.2.1.2 Cooperation between external personnel and local residents8.2.1.3. Civic Innovation（Collaboration between Artists and Citizens）8.2.1.4 The Need to Promote Intergenerational Exchange8.2.1.5 Typology of Collaboration between Artists and Local Residents through Touring Art Festivals8.2.1.6 Typology of Citizen awareness and forms of initiatives through Touring Art Festivals8.2.2 Examples of artwork being conducted by the author8.2.2.1 Regarding the artworks8.2.2.2 About the artist and research organization8.2.2.3 Geographical Characteristics of the Date district8.2.2.4 Importance of Social Interaction8.2.2.5 Transition of Social Networks through Local Participatory Art8.2.2.6 Actual conditions of the participation network and its evolution8.2.3 Future ProspectsReferences8.3 Planning of Agricultural Spaces with Local Residents as Bearers through Active Spatial Interventions Taking into Consideration People's Behavior and the Surrounding EnvironmentMei Komatsu8.3.1 Introduction8.3.2 Current Status of Citizen Farms8.3.2.1 Positioning of the Case Studies Addressed in This Chapter8.3.3 Case Study of Tagayase Okura and Ikou FarmOutline of Setagaya and Adachi Ward, Tokyo8.3.3.1 Basic Information of Setagaya and Adachi Ward8.3.3.2 Urban Farmland in Setagaya and Adachi Ward8.3.4 Practical Case of the Collaboration between Agriculture and Welfare: Tagayase Okura8.3.4.1 Project Form8.3.4.2 Mutual Utilization of Space through Land Use Change8.3.5 Practical Case of Planting, Zoning, and Other Spatial Innovations: Ikou Farm8.3.5.1 Improvement of the Overall Attractiveness of the Civic Farm through the Use of Existing Architecture and Flexible Change of Use8.3.5.2 Relationship between People's Actions and Spatial Configuration8.3.6 Case Study of Agatagaoka Citizen's Vegetable Garden in Yokkaichi City -Outline of Yokkaichi City, Mie8.3.6.1 Basic Information8.3.6.2 Urban Farmland in Yokkaichi City8.3.7 Citizen's Farms in Yokkaichi City8.3.7.1 The Structure of the Municipal Citizen's Vegetable Garden Project8.3.8 Practical Case of Mutual Support with Neighboring Parks and Wooded Areas:Agatagaoka Citizen's Vegetable Garden8.3.8.1 Relationship to Surrounding Urban Facilities and Environment8.3.9 ConclusionReferences 9 Conclusion: Sustainable Urbanism based on Satoyama, Informative, Explorable, Livable and Adaptable EnvironmentsTakashi Ariga9.1 Planning Approaches in Response to the Need to Rehabilitate Holistic Environmental Systems across the Borders of Administrative Territories9.2 Eco-integrated community restoration and designs9.3 Strategic Assessment to edit community development program9.4 Urban vision of Satoyama9.5 Need for Environmental Planning and Management Theory9.6 Case Study: Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture, Japan9.6.1 Satoyama Management in the "urban utilization zones" and "nature symbiosis zones”9.6.2 Practical Community Development Using the Civic Green Space System: The Agata District in the Urbanization Control Area9.7 Multilayered Environmental Resources, Planning Elements, and Methodology for City PlanningReferences