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Poetry expressing criticism of social, political and cultural life is a vital integral part of Persian literary history. Its principal genres – invective, satire and burlesque – have been very popular with authors in every age. Despite the rich uninterrupted tradition, such texts have been little studied and rarely translated. Their irreverent tones range from subtle irony to crude direct insults, at times involving the use of outrageous and obscene terms. This anthology includes both major and minor poets from the origins of Persian poetry (10th century) up to the age of Jâmi (15th century), traditionally considered the last great classical Persian poet. In addition to their historical and linguistic interest, many of these poems deserve to be read for their technical and aesthetic accomplishments, setting them among the masterpieces of Persian literature.
Riccardo Zipoli is professor of Persian Language and Literature at Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, where he also teaches Conceiving and Producing Photography.
Contents Notes on Transliteration System, Dates and Biographical Information Acknowledgements Introduction The Genre of Hajv (‘Satire’, ‘Mockery’, ‘Verbal Aggression’) The Genre of Hazl (‘Witticism’, ‘Facetiae’, ‘Bawdy Poetry’) Historical Background Poetic Forms Tradition of Studies Authors and Texts chapter 1 – Invective Poetry Physical Images Actions Involving the Victims of Satire Imprecatory Poetry Composite Poetry chapter 2 – Satirical Poetry Patrons and Ruling Classes Poets Court Milieu Religious Context Women as Habitual Subject for Satire Satirising Members of a Family Peoples and Towns Addressees with no Social Labels Behaviour and Customs chapter 3 – Burlesque Poetry Form and Content Replies to Poems Biographies of the Poets Glossary of Key Literary Terms Notes Bibliography Index of Names, Places and Works