Introduction to Behavior Analysis
- Nyhet
Inbunden, Engelska, 2026
Av Gregory J. Madden, Derek D. Reed, Gregory J. (Utah State University) Madden, Derek D. (University of Kansas) Reed
1 409 kr
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The latest edition of the gold standard in introductory behavior analysis texts In the newly revised second edition of An Introduction to Behavior Analysis, a team of experienced researchers delivers an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the theoretical fundamentals and applications of behavior analysis. The authors focus on practical issues encountered by practicing behavior analysts, including Pavlovian and operant learning, reinforcement and punishment, motivation and stimulus control, and other key concepts in the field. The book clearly articulates and defends the philosophical assumptions and overarching goals of behavior analysis. It describes objective data collection, experimental methods, and data analysis in the context of modern psychology. You'll also find: Core behavioral analysis principles explained in an accessible way that are appropriate for introductory audiencesExpert discussions of a variety of common behavior issues, including language, substance-use disorders, and psychological disordersUp-to-date examinations of the latest empirical research and theory, along with identifications of areas that require further data and studyComplimentary access to a companion website containing PowerPoint slides and a test bank for each chapterPerfect for students undertaking their first course in behavior analysis or behavior modification, An Introduction to Behavior Analysis is also a must-read for trainees pursuing certification through the Behavior Analysis Certification Board and for students of the applied psychological sciences.
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum2026-03-12
- FormatInbunden
- SpråkEngelska
- Antal sidor496
- Upplaga2
- FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
- ISBN9781394286706
Tillhör följande kategorier
- Preface1 An Introduction to Behavior Analysis 1What Is Behavior?What Is Behavior Analysis?The Goals of Behavior AnalysisThe First Goal of Behavior AnalysisThe Second Goal of Behavior AnalysisDemand More of Your ScienceReading Quiz 1The Assumptions of Behavior AnalysisAssumption #1: Behavior is determinedMentalistic Explanations of BehaviorI’m Not Buying It. I Determine My Own BehaviorEXTRA BOX 1: Determinism Promotes Empathy and CompassionAssumption #2: The scientific method is a valid way to reveal thedeterminants of behaviorReading Quiz 2Scientific MethodReading Quiz 3What Are the Determinants of Behavior?NatureNurtureBehavioral EpigeneticsThe Activities of Behavior AnalystsThe Experimental Analysis of BehaviorApplied Behavior AnalysisEXTRA BOX 2: Dimensions of Applied Behavior AnalysisBehavioral Service DeliveryOrganizational Behavior ManagementCertified Applied Animal BehavioristsSummaryReading Quiz 4Reading Quiz AnswersReferences2 Behavioral Research and MeasuresVariablesCorrelation vs CausationExperimentsThree Components of a Behavioral ExperimentReading Quiz 1Choosing the Target BehaviorDimensions of BehaviorFrequencyLatencyDurationMagnitudeMeasuring BehaviorIndirect Observation MethodsSelf-ReportPermanent-Product RecordingChoosing the Right Observation Method (PART 1)Direct ObservationsOperational DefinitionsSocial Validity of the Operational DefinitionInter-Observer Agreement (IOA)What IOA is NotReading Quiz 2Conducting Direct ObservationsEvent RecordingCalculating IOA When Using Event RecordingInterval RecordingPartial-Interval RecordingWhole-Interval RecordingCalculating IOA When Partial-Or Whole-Interval RecordingDuration RecordingCalculating IOA When Using Duration RecordingCalculating IOA When Using Permanent-Product RecordingChoosing the Right Observation Method (PART 2)Reading Quiz 3SummaryReading Quiz AnswersReferences3 Experimental Designs in Behavior Analysis Group Experimental DesignsEXTRA BOX 1: The Price of Group DesignsSingle-Subject Experimental DesignsInternal Validity of Single-Subject Experimental DesignsFour Types of Single-Subject Experimental DesignsComparison (A-B) DesignReversal (A-B-A) DesignEXTRA BOX 2: An ABA Reversal Design Experiment in the NBAAlternating-Treatments DesignMultiple-Baseline DesignsDefining Features of Single-Subject DesignsThree Kinds of ReplicationReading Quiz 1Did Behavior Change?Two Patterns of Behavior ChangeWhat Makes a Change Convincing?Guidelines for Conducting the Visual AnalysisWhat Is Responsible for the ChangeReading Quiz 2Supplementing the Visual Analysis with Inferential StatisticsSummaryAnswers to Reading Quiz QuestionsReferences4 Phylogenetic Behavior and Pavlovian Learning Phylogenetically Selected BehaviorReflex Learning – HabituationEXTRA BOX 1: Habituation and HappinessThe “Nature and Nurture” Answer to the “Nature vs Nurture” DebateElicited or Evoked?Reading Quiz 1Pavlovian LearningThe Discovery of Pavlovian LearningA Simple Pavlovian Conditioning ProcedurePavlovian Conditioning of Positive EmotionsPavlovian Conditioning of Negative Emotions 89The Little Albert ExperimentWhat Became of Little Albert?Fear Conditioning and Posttraumatic Stress DisorderReading Quiz 2What Is Learned During Pavlovian Conditioning?Pavlovian Learning Happens AutomaticallyFour Principles of Effective Pavlovian ConditioningApplying these principles to Understanding PTSDReading Quiz 3GeneralizationPavlovian Extinction-Based TherapyGraduated Exposure TherapySpontaneous RecoveryEXTRA BOX 2: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military VeteransReading Quiz 4Pavlovian Conditioning in Everyday LifeTaste-Aversion LearningAdvertisingSummaryAnswers to Reading Quiz QuestionsReferences5 Operant Learning I: Reinforcement Operant BehaviorReading Quiz 1Response–Consequence ContingenciesLearning Response–Consequence ContingenciesNoncontingent ConsequencesSuperstitious BehaviorReading Quiz 2Changing Behavior with Contingent ConsequencesExtra Box 1: Noncontingent Consequences in North KoreaReinforcers, Reinforcement, and RewardsReading Quiz 3The Discovery of ReinforcementIs it a Reinforcer?From Puzzle Boxes to Skinner BoxesReading Quiz 4Reinforcement in Daily LifeResponse Variability: Exploring & ExploitingExtra Box 2: Add Some Variability to Your LifeThe Generic Nature of Operant BehaviorNot Every Consequence Functions as a ReinforcerReading Quiz 5Reinforcement in Social Media and Video GamesGames for GoodSummaryReading Quiz & Table 5.2 AnswersReferences6 Operant Learning II: Positive and Negative Reinforcement Positive ReinforcementPositive Reinforcement in the LabNegative ReinforcementNegative Reinforcement – Escape (SRE-)Negative Reinforcement – Escape (SRE-) in the LabNegative Reinforcement – Avoidance (SRA−)Negative Reinforcement – Avoidance (SRA−) in the LabExtra Box 1: What Is the Consequence in SRA−?Distinguishing Between SRE- and SRA−Reading Quiz 1Positive or Negative Reinforcement: Is There Reallya Difference?Reason 1: HeuristicsReason 2: Loss AversionUsing Reinforcement to Positively Influence BehaviorReinforcement in the WorkplaceThree Objections to ReinforcementObjection 1: Intrinsic MotivationObjection 2: Performance-Inhibiting Properties of ReinforcementObjection 3: The Alignment ProblemReading Quiz 2Theories of ReinforcementThe Response Strengthening Theory of ReinforcementThe Information Theory of ReinforcementEvaluating the TheoriesReading Quiz 3SummaryReading Quiz AnswersReferences7 Operant Extinction & Differential ReinforcementOperant Extinction Following Positive ReinforcementOperant Extinction Following Negative ReinforcementHow Quickly Will Operant Extinction Work?Rate of Reinforcement Prior to ExtinctionMotivationSpontaneous Recovery of Operant BehaviorReading Quiz 1Extra Box 1: How Extinction Informs Theories of ReinforcementOther Predictable Effects of ExtinctionExtinction-Induced Emotional BehaviorExtinction BurstExtinction-Induced VariabilityExtinction-Induced ResurgenceWe Tried It at HomeReading Quiz 2Using Extinction to Positively Influence BehaviorFunctional Analysis of BehaviorFunctional Analysis of Self-Injurious BehaviorEXTRA BOX 2: Functional Analysis of Charitable GivingDifferential ReinforcementTherapeutic Use of Differential ReinforcementDifferential Reinforcement Without ExtinctionHow to Effectively Use Differential ReinforcementDifferentially Reinforcing TopographyDifferentially Reinforcing Rate of Operant BehaviorReading Quiz 3SummaryReading Quiz AnswersReferences8 Unconditioned Reinforcers, Conditioned Reinforcers, and Shaping Unconditioned ReinforcersConditioned ReinforcersPavlovian Learning and Conditioned ReinforcersVerbal Learning and Conditioned ReinforcersThe Token EconomyReading Quiz 1Arranging Effective Conditioned ReinforcersPrinciple 1: Use an Effective Backup ReinforcerPrinciple 2: Use a Salient Conditioned ReinforcerPrinciple 3: The Conditioned Reinforcer Should Signal a Significant Reduction in the Delay to the Backup ReinforcerPrinciple 4: The Conditioned Reinforcer Must be the Only Stimulus Signaling the Delay Reduction to the Backup ReinforcerExtra Box 1: Conditioned Reinforcers in ZoosClicker Training with HumansReading Quiz 2ShapingExtra Box 2: Shaping Animal Behavior on the FarmShaping Human BehaviorShaping and FlowPrinciples of Effective ShapingAutomating Shaping: Percentile Schedules of ReinforcementReading Quiz 3SummaryAnswers to Reading QuizesReferences 2269 Motivation, Reinforcer Efficacy, and HabitFormation Everyday Concepts of MotivationFrom Motivation to Motivating OperationsTwo Kinds of Motivating OperationsExamples of EOsExamples of AOsMotivating Operations Require Response-Reinforcer Contingency LearningThe Therapeutic Utility of Motivating OperationsExtra Box 1: The Cost of Mentalistic ReasoningReading Quiz 1Identifying Effective Reinforcers: The “Liking” StrategyReinforcer SurveysStimulus Preference AssessmentsExtra Box 2: Avoiding Circularity – Response Disequilibrirum TheoryReading Quiz 2Measuring Reinforcer EfficacyDimensions of Effective ReinforcersContingencyReinforcer SizeReinforcer QualityReinforcer ImmediacyEXTRA BOX 3: Reinforcing AltruismHabit FormationHabits – What Are They and How Are They FormedOur Everyday HabitsReplacing Bad Habits with Good OnesReading Quiz 3Chapter SummaryAnswers to Reading QuizzesReferences10 Punishment Punishers and PunishmentUnconditioned and Conditioned PunishmentPositive and Negative Punishment – Both Decrease Behavior 261Positive PunishmentNegative PunishmentReading Quiz 1When Should We Punish?A Deeper Dive on Punishment CritiquesEXTRA BOX 1. The Ethics of Electric Shock Punishment in Applied Behavior AnalysisPunishment is the Norm—Using it Effectively is HumaneSix Characteristics of Effective Punishment1. Focus on Reinforcement First2. Combine Punishment with Extinction and/or Differential Reinforcement3. Deliver Punishers Immediately4. Deliver Punishment Contingently5. Punish Every Time6. Use the Least-Intense Punisher That WorksReading Quiz 2Two Practical Negative-Punishment ProceduresTime-out from Positive ReinforcementResponse-Cost PunishmentThe Watchful Eye of the PunisherThe Role of Reinforcement in the Act of PunishingReading Quiz 3Chapter SummaryAnswers to Reading Quiz QuestionsReferences11 Complex Contingencies of Reinforcement Schedules of ReinforcementRatio Schedules of ReinforcementFixed-Ratio SchedulesVariable-Ratio SchedulesThe Behavioral Economics of Ratio SchedulesThe Underappreciated VR ScheduleReading Quiz 1Interval Schedules of ReinforcementFixed-Interval SchedulesVariable-Interval SchedulesPutting it All TogetherReading Quiz 2Why Study Schedules of Reinforcement?Extra Box 1: Contingency Management of Substance-Use DisordersSchedule ThinningScheduling Reinforcers to Enhance Human Performance and WellbeingIncreasing Spontaneity with Lag Schedules of ReinforcementReading Quiz 3SummaryAnswers to Reading Quiz Questions and Questions Posed in Tables 11.1–11.4References12 Antecedent Stimulus Control Phylogenetic and Pavlovian Stimulus ControlDiscriminated Operant BehaviorThe Discriminative Stimulus (SD)The SΔThe SDp The Three-term ContingencyReading Quiz 1Discriminative Stimuli and Establishing OperationsDiscriminative Stimuli and Conditioned ReinforcementDiscrimination TrainingEffective Methods of Discrimination TrainingEXTRA BOX 1: Direct Instruction of Reading SkillsUsing Discrimination Training to PositivelyInfluence BehaviorGeneralizationUsing Discrimination Training to Improve Stimulus ControlPromoting Generalization and MaintenanceTactic 1: Teach Behaviors That Will Contact Natural Contingencies ofReinforcementTactic 2: Train DiverselyTactic 3: Arrange Antecedent Stimuli That Will Cue GeneralizationReading Quiz 2Stimulus-Response ChainsTeaching Stimulus-Response ChainsPrompting and FadingExtra Box 2: Stimulus Control and Consciousness 343Reading Quiz 3Chapter SummaryAnswers to Reading QuizzesReferences13 Choice What Is Choice?Four Variables Affecting ChoiceReinforcement vs. No ConsequenceReinforcer Size/QualityEffortReinforcer DelaySummaryReading Quiz 1The Rich Uncle Joe ExperimentChoosing between Uncertain OutcomesHerrnstein’s Matching EquationAdding UncertaintyReplications Across SpeciesReading Quiz 2Extra Box 1: The Matching Law, Terrorism, and White NationalismSubstitutesExtra Box 2: What Substitutes for Drug Reinforcers?Using the Matching Law to Positively Influence BehaviorIncreasing Socially Desirable BehaviorDecreasing Undesirable BehaviorThe Matching Law and AttentionSummaryReading Quiz 3Impulsive and Self-Control ChoicesPredicting Impulsive ChoicePredicting Preference ReversalsReducing Impulsive ChoiceCommitment StrategiesDelay-Exposure Training 380Reading Quiz 4SummaryReading Quiz & Table 3 AnswersReferences14 Verbal Behavior, Rule-Following, and ClinicalBehavior AnalysisBehavioral Approaches to LanguageSkinner’s Functional Analysis of Speaker BehaviorEchoicMandTactIntraverbalTraining Verbal OperantsReading Quiz 1The Behavior of the ListenerExpanding the Verbal RepertoireVerbal Behavior and EmotionsReading Quiz 2Rules and Rule-Governed BehaviorWhy Follow the Rules?PlianceTrackingPersistently Following Incorrect RulesAre We Hopelessly Compliant?The Dark Side of TrackingReading Quiz 3Breaking the Rules in Clinical PsychologyExtra Box 1: If Thoughts Are Important, Prepare to SufferThe “Acceptance” in Acceptance and Commitment TherapyThe “Commitment” in Acceptance andCommitment TherapyEXTRA BOX 2: Personal Values ExerciseDoes ACT Work?Reading Quiz 4SummarySupplemental ReadingsAnswers to Reading QuizzesReferencesAppendix Glossary
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