Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

Dennis J. Paustenbach, PhD, has more than 35 years experience in the field of risk assessment and has conducted as many as 1000 risk assessments personally. He was the founder of ChemRisk and has published extensively on risk assessment and related subjects.

• List of Contributors ixForeword to the Third Edition xvForeword to the Second Edition xixForeword to the First Edition xxiiiPreface xxvAbout the Editor xxixVolume 1Section A Theory: Human Health Assessment 11 Primer on Human and Environmental Risk Assessment 3Dennis J. Paustenbach, Blake T. Langenbach, and Richard J. Wenning2 Hazard Identification (Humans) 71Dennis J. Paustenbach and Richard J. Wenning3 Hazard Identification (Environmental) 91Richard J. Wenning and Dennis J. Paustenbach4 Dose-Response Assessment (Cancer and Non-Cancer) 125Dennis J. Paustenbach and Louis A. Cox Jr5 Exposure Assessment 157Dennis J. Paustenbach, Amy K. Madl, and Andrey Massarsky6 Risk Characterization 263Pamela R.D. Williams and Dennis J. PaustenbachSection B Case Studies of Human Health Hazards of Various Contaminated Media 333B.1 Case Studies Involving Contaminated Water 3357 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water: A Retrospective Case Series with Risk Assessments 337Daniel G. Kougias, Allison Killius, Justin Collins, Eric Russman, and Mark MaddaloniB.2 Case Studies Involving Contaminated Soils 3978 Quantitative Risk Assessment for Synthetic Biology: A Case Study of Plastics Degradation in Municipal Landfill 399Anna Ulanova, Ping Gong, Benjamin D. Trump, Christopher L. Cummings, and Igor Linkov9 Dose Reconstructions for Radionuclides: Case Study Involving Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (HPNS), California 415David Brew, Ayla Pavelka, Jack Buddenbaum, Michael E. Stevens, Dennis J. Paustenbach, and Robert D. GibbonsB.3 Case Studies Involving Air Contaminants 46910 Mathematical Modeling of Environmental and Occupational Exposure 471David H. Collins, Nitheesh George, and James BrettB.4 Case Studies Involving Consumer Products 49711 Health Risk Assessment of Consumer Products: Case Studies of DEHP Exposure From Disposable Plastic Packaging and Formaldehyde Exposure From a Residential Couch 499Rachel N. Hirani, Jennifer L. Bare, and Claire Mathis12 Health Risks of Fungi in the Built Environment 525Jeffrey Hicks and Ryan Lewis13 A Risk Assessment of Cosmetic Talc for the Development of Mesothelioma and Ovarian Cancer 541A. Michael Ierardi, Amanda Burns, Ania Urban, and Brent Finley14 Proposition 65 and Exposure Assessment Methods 571Renee M. Kalmes, Melinda T. Donnell, Keith Morris-Schaffer, and Carolyn G. Scrafford15 Latest Developments in the Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials: A Framework for Advanced Materials and Emerging Technologies 583Jo Anne Shatkin, James Ede, and Kimberly OngVolume 2B.5 Case Studies Involving Occupational Exposure 60916 Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Changing Clothes and Handling Work Uniforms Containing Foundry Dust 611Jason T. Lotter, Tyler V. Ferracini, Benjamin Roberts, and Thomas J. Slavin17 A Review of Take-Home Exposure and Risk Associated with the Handling of Clothing Contaminated with Asbestos 643Tyler V. Ferracini and Jennifer Sahmel18 Case Study: Occupational Use, Exposures, and Environmental Chamber Studies of Human Eye and Respiratory Irritation Responses for a Peracetic Acid-based Hospital Surface Disinfectant 671B.D. Kerger , A.E. Loccisano, and P. DaltonB.6 Methods for Conducting Exposure Assessments for Children 71719 Children’s Health and Exposure to Chemicals in the Natural and Built Environment 719Susan Goldhaber , Rachel Slover , Ashley Mullikin , Nicolle Tulve, and Elaine A. Cohen Hubal20 Assessing Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in House Dust: A Case Study of Flame Retardants 747Nicole M. DeLuca and Elaine A. Cohen HubalB.7 Assessment of Tainted Foods 77921 Microbial Risk Assessment 781Antony D. G. JonesSection C Theory: Ecological Risk Assessment 83322 Fundamentals of Ecological Risk Assessment 835Richard J. Wenning23 Application of Weight of Evidence in Ecological Risk Assessment 865Katherine Coady , Mary Sorensen , Thomas Steeger , and Paige LeitmanSection D Case Studies in Environmental and Aquatic Risk Assessment 89724 Case Study – Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment of Residual Soil Contamination at a Former Munitions Disposal Landfill 899Richard J. Wenning25 Assessing Risks to Wildlife from Exposures to Chemicals 917Bradley E. Sample, Mark S. Johnson, and Dwayne R.J. MooreSection E Important Topics Related to Environment Assessment 97526 Emerging Frameworks and Tools for Environmental Risk Assessment 977Charles A. Menzie, Taryn Horr , Roxolana Kashuba, Michael W. Kierski , Konrad J. Kulacki ,Margaret E. McArdle, Sean F. Ryan, and Alicia A. Taylor27 Tiered Environmental Causal Analysis 1009Charles A. Menzie, Michael W. Kierski, William Goodfellow , and Roxolana KashubaSection F Risk Assessment Policy and Practice in Countries Outside the United States 103128 Risk Scoring Methods for Ranking Hazards to Human Health and Environment – Contaminated Sites as a Case Study 1033Victor Gabriel Kabay29 Australian Case Studies Involving Exposure to PFOS 1051Tarah G. Hagen, Giorgio De Nola, Anthony Lane, and Jill Woodworth30 How Risk Assessments Are Conducted in Germany; Including a Case Study 1091Helmut GreimSection G Carcinogens in Perspective 110131 Misconceptions about the Causes of Cancer 1103Lois Swirsky Gold, Bruce N. Ames, and Thomas H. SloneSection H Research Methods, Economics, and Risk Communication 113132 Evidence-Based Methods in Toxicology: Systematic Review and Systematic Evidence Mapping 1133Daniele Wikoff and Seneca Fitch33 Risk Assessment and Regulatory Impact Analysis 1149Susan E. Dudley and George M. Gray34 Co-Benefits, Countervailing Risks, and Cost–Benefit Analysis 1167John D. Graham and Jonathan B. Wiener35 Communicating Risks 1189Hugh D. Walpole and Robyn S. WilsonIndex 1203

"An indispensable resource and standard reference work for professional risk analysts for years to come."—Pamela R. D. Williams, Risk Analysis (2025)