High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites

Longbiao Li, PhD, is a lecturer at the College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), China. His research focuses on the fatigue, damage, fracture, reliability, and durability of aircraft and aero engines. He has been involved in different projects related to structural damage, reliability, and airworthiness design for aircraft and aero engines, supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China, COMAC Company, and AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Company.

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 Introduction 11.1 Tensile Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 21.2 Fatigue Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 61.3 Stress Rupture Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 71.4 Vibration Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 91.5 Conclusion 10References 102 First Matrix Cracking of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 192.1 Introduction 192.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composites 202.2.1 Theoretical Models 202.2.2 Results and Discussion 212.2.2.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 232.2.2.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 242.2.2.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Fiber/Matrix Interface Frictional Coefficients 252.2.2.4 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 262.2.2.5 Effect of Matrix Fracture Energy on Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite 272.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 282.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite 292.3.1 Results and Discussion 302.3.1.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 302.3.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 302.3.1.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 332.3.1.4 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 342.3.1.5 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 342.3.2 Experimental Comparisons 362.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composites 392.4.1 Theoretical Models 392.4.2 Results and Discussion 412.4.2.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 422.4.2.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 422.4.2.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 502.4.2.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 532.4.2.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 562.4.3 Experimental Comparisons 592.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of Si/SiC Composites 592.5.1 Results and Discussion 592.5.1.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 602.5.1.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 622.5.1.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 662.5.1.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 682.5.2 Experimental Comparisons 682.6 Conclusion 71References 713 Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 753.1 Introduction 753.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of C/SiC Composites 763.2.1 Theoretical Models 773.2.1.1 Temperature-Dependent Stress Analysis 773.2.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Interface Debonding 783.2.1.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking 793.2.2 Results and Discussion 803.2.2.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 823.2.2.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 843.2.2.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 853.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 883.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of SiC/SiC Composites 893.3.1 Results and Discussion 903.3.1.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 903.3.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 923.3.1.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 933.3.1.4 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 953.3.1.5 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 983.3.2 Experimental Comparisons 1003.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of C/SiC Composites 1013.4.1 Theoretical Models 1023.4.1.1 Time-Dependent Stress Analysis 1023.4.1.2 Time-Dependent Interface Debonding 1033.4.1.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking 1053.4.2 Results and Discussion 1063.4.2.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 1063.4.2.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 1083.4.2.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 1113.4.2.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 1133.4.3 Experimental Comparisons 1143.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of SiC/SiC Composites 1163.5.1 Results and Discussion 1173.5.1.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 1173.5.1.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 1203.5.1.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 1273.5.1.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 1303.5.1.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 1333.5.2 Experimental Comparisons 1363.5.2.1 Unidirectional SiC/SiC Composite 1363.5.2.2 SiC/SiC Minicomposite 1393.6 Conclusion 139References 1404 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites 1454.1 Introduction 1454.2 Theoretical Analysis 1484.3 Results and Discussion 1494.3.1 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 1494.3.2 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Radii 1494.3.3 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Weibull Moduli 1524.3.4 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Cracking Characteristic Strengths 1524.3.5 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Cracking Saturation Spacings 1554.3.6 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 1554.3.7 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 1554.3.8 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Strengths 1594.3.9 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Weibull Moduli 1604.3.10 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Oxidation Durations 1604.4 Experimental Comparisons 1614.4.1 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite 1614.4.2 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of C/SiC Composite 1734.5 Conclusion 179References 1815 Fatigue Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 1875.1 Introduction 1875.2 Theoretical Analysis 1895.3 Experimental Comparisons 1915.3.1 2.5DWoven Hi-NicalonTM SiC/[Si-B-C] at 600 ∘C in Air Atmosphere 1915.3.2 2.5DWoven Hi-NicalonTM SiC/[Si-B-C] at 1200 ∘C in Air Atmosphere 1935.3.3 2DWoven Self-Healing Hi-NicalonTM SiC/[SiC-B4C] at 1200 ∘C in Air and in Steam Atmospheres 1995.3.4 Discussion 2035.4 Conclusion 206References 2066 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 2116.1 Introduction 2116.2 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Under Constant Stress at Intermediate Temperature 2136.2.1 Theoretical Models 2146.2.2 Results and Discussion 2156.2.2.1 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 2156.2.2.2 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Peak Stress Levels 2186.2.2.3 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Saturation Spaces Between Matrix Cracking 2216.2.2.4 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 2216.2.2.5 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Weibull Modulus 2276.2.2.6 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Environmental Temperatures 2296.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 2306.3 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Under Stochastic Loading Stress and Time at Intermediate Temperature 2346.3.1 Results and Discussion 2366.3.1.1 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Stochastic Stress Levels 2366.3.1.2 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Stochastic Loading Time Intervals 2406.3.1.3 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Fiber Volumes 2476.3.1.4 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Matrix Crack Spacings 2516.3.1.5 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Interface Shear Stress 2536.3.1.6 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Environmental Temperatures 2616.3.2 Experimental Comparisons 2646.3.2.1 𝜎= 80 MPa and 𝜎s = 90 MPa with Δt = 7.2, 10.8, and 14.4 ks 2676.3.2.2 𝜎= 100 MPa and 𝜎s = 110 MPa with Δt = 7.2 ks 2676.3.2.3 𝜎= 120 MPa and 𝜎s = 130 and 140 MPa with Δt = 7.2 ks 2716.3.2.4 Discussion 2716.4 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Under Multiple Load Sequence at Intermediate Temperature 2746.4.1 Results and Discussion 2746.4.1.1 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Fiber Volumes 2756.4.1.2 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Matrix Crack Spacings 2806.4.1.3 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Interface Shear Stress 2856.4.1.4 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Environment Temperatures 2926.4.2 Experimental Comparisons 2956.5 Conclusion 302References 3027 Vibration Damping of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 3077.1 Introduction 3077.2 Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of CMCs 3087.2.1 Theoretical Models 3087.2.2 Results and Discussion 3107.2.2.1 Effect of Fiber Volume on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 3107.2.2.2 Effect of Matrix Crack Spacing on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 3147.2.2.3 Effect of Interface Debonding Energy on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 3177.2.2.4 Effect of Steady-State Interface Shear Stress on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 3217.2.2.5 Effect of Interface Frictional Coefficient on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 3257.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 3297.3 Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of CMCs 3297.3.1 Theoretical Models 3297.3.2 Results and Discussion 3317.3.2.1 Effect of Fiber Volume on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 3317.3.2.2 Effect of Vibration Stress on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 3347.3.2.3 Effect of Matrix Crack Spacing on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 3377.3.2.4 Effect of Interface Shear Stress on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 3407.3.2.5 Effect of Temperature on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 3437.3.3 Experimental Comparisons 3437.3.3.1 t =2 hours at T = 700, 1000, and 1300 ∘C 3467.3.3.2 t = 5 hours at T = 700, 1000, and 1300 ∘C 3467.3.3.3 t = 10 hours at T = 700, 1000, and 1300 ∘C 3517.3.3.4 Discussion 3547.4 Conclusion 356References 356