Durward K. Sobek II is a Vice Provost and Professor in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department at Montana State University, USA. He is also a co-founder of the Lean Product and Process Development Exchange Inc. He holds a Ph.D. and M.S. in industrial and operations engineering from the University of Michigan, and an A.B. degree in engineering sciences from Dartmouth College. Dr. Sobek has been researching lean product development and lean healthcare for over two decades, focusing on how organizations can increase their performance capacity by applying lean principles.David Claudio is an Associate Professor and Program Director of Industrial Engineering in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA, where he also serves as Associate Chair of the Industrial Engineering Graduate Program. He holds a Ph.D. from the Pennsylvania State University, an M.S. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a B.S. from the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, all in industrial engineering. Dr. Claudio’s research interests lie at the intersection of Healthcare Operations Management, Public Health, Human Factors & Ergonomics, Lean Principles applied to Service, and Predictive Modeling.