Handbook of Public Administration

James L. Perry, PhD is Distinguished Professor and Chancellor's Professor of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, and World Class University Distinguished Professor at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. He is also Adjunct Professor of Philanthropic Studies and Political Science at Indiana University. He currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of Public Administration Review. Robert Christensen, PhD, JD, MPA, is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Administration and Policy, School of Public and International Affairs, at the University of Georgia, specializing in public and nonprofit management. His work appears in such journals as the Journal of Public Administration Review and Theory, Public Administration Review, Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Administration & Society and several law reviews.

• Foreword xviiPaul A. VolckerPreface xxiJames L. Perry and Robert K. ChristensenThe Editors xxviiThe Contributors xxxiAcknowledgments xlviiPart One: Governing for Collective Action 11 Governing in an Age of Transformation 5Donald F. KettlThe Changing Environment 6Transformation 11From the Administrative State to Stateless Administration 19Summary 212 The Changing Character of the American Intergovernmental System 23Laurence J. O’Toole Jr.Knowledge about Effective Practice 25Implications 35Summary 363 Governance in an Era of Partnerships 38Barbara C. Crosby, Melissa M. Stone, and John M. BrysonClarifying Terms 40The Environment and Its Effects on Collaborations 42Environmental Effects on a Collaboration’s Governance Processes and Structures 47Implications 51Summary 534 Governing in a Global Context 55Jonathan G. S. KoppellOrganizational Responses to Globalization 56Public Administration in the Age of Globalization 63Implications of Transnational Organization Design for Public Administration and Management 68Summary 69Part Two: Building Infrastructures for Accountability 735 Understanding How Public Law Reinforces Administrative Responsibility 77Phillip J. CooperContemporary Challenges and Classic Issues 78Classic Conceptions and Contemporary Governance 81Public Law Responsibility in Different Forms in Today’s Context 83Law’s Meaning at Two Critically Important Levels: Effective Practice and Legitimacy 89Summary 956 Advancing Good Government through Fighting Corruption 97Milena I. Neshkova and Allan RosenbaumDefinition, Forms, and Consequences of Corruption 99Theories of Corruption 101Empirical Evidence on Corruption 107Strategies for Reducing Corruption 111Summary 1187 Using Transparency to Reinforce Responsibility and Responsiveness 120Gregory A. Porumbescu and Tobin ImKnowledge about Effective Practice 121Research Findings and Evidence about Effective Practice 124Judgments about Effective Practice Grounded in Administrative Experience 130Implications 134Summary 1358 Using Public Participation to Enhance Citizen Voice and Promote Accountability 137Tina Nabatchi, Jack Alexander Becker, and Matt LeighningerUnderstanding Accountability 138Understanding Public Participation 140Summary 150Part Three: Implementing Policy Using Tools of Collective Action 1539 Developing Effective Relations with Legislatures 157Anne M. Khademian and Fatima Sparger SharifThe Context of Legislative Liaison Work 159Structural and Procedural Elements of Managing Legislative Relations 163Strategic and Tactical Elements of Managing Legislative Initiatives: NoSurprises 170Summary 17910 Designing Effective Programs 180Michael Howlett, Ishani Mukherjee, and Jeremy RaynerComponents of Public Policy and Effective Program Design 181Policy Programs and Policy Design: A Short History 184Principles for Designing Programs: Policy-Program Linkages (I) 187Principles for Designing Programs: Program-Measure Linkages (II) 191Summary 19511 Using Grants to Achieve Public Purposes 197Sean Nicholson-CrottyScope and Mechanisms of the Grant-in-Aid System 198The Politics of Grant Distribution 201Managing Federal Grants-in-Aid 204Summary 21212 Contracting in Pursuit of Public Purposes 215Zachary S. Huitink, David M. Van Slyke, and Trevor L. BrownFundamentals 217Outlook 231Conclusion 233Summary 23413 Coproducing Public Services with Service Users, Communities, and the Third Sector 235Tony Bovaird and Elke LoefflerWhat We Know about Effective Practice in Coproduction 238Implications 247Summary 24914 Advancing Public Good through Entrepreneurship 251Wolfgang BielefeldKnowledge about Effective Practice 252Research Findings 255Implications 268Summary 269Part Four: Managing for Public Performance 27115 Leading Public Organizations Strategically 275Richard M. Walker, Chan Su Jung, and Gong-Rok KimKnowledge about Effective Strategy Content Practices 277Research Findings 280Implications 288Summary 29116 Managing Effective Collaborations 293Michael McGuire and Chris SilviaCollaborative Public Management 295Managing Awareness 298Managing Boundaries 300Managing Constraints 302Managing Deliberations 305Managing External Constituencies 307Summary 30917 Tracking the Quality of Services 312Harry P. HatryThe Brief History and Limitations of Service Quality Measurement 313Need for Multiple Types of Performance Indicators 314Sources of Data and Data Collection Procedures 316Improving the Usefulness of Performance Measurement Systems 320Uses for Service Quality Information 328Problems in Performance Measurement 329Role of Ad Hoc Program Evaluations 330Summary 33118 Evaluating the Performance of Public Programs 333Kathryn E. NewcomerContext for Evaluation of Government Performance 335Evaluation Practice in the Twentieth-First Century 339Using Evaluation to Improve Performance 347Summary 35119 Motivating Employees Using Public Service 353Wouter Vandenabeele and Nina Mari Van LoonTheories and Evidence about Public Service Motivation 354Research Findings and Evidence 358Implications and Application: Harnessing the Power of Public Service Motivation 363Summary 36520 Realizing the Promise of Diversity 366David W. Pitts and Sarah E. TowneDefining and Understanding Organizational Diversity 367Frameworks for Understanding Organizational Diversity and Work Outcomes 369Strategies for Managing Organizational Diversity 373Evolving Research on Diversity and Inclusion 376Future Directions for Research and Practice 379Summary 38121 Understanding and Overcoming Resistance to Organizational Change 382Sergio FernandezResistance to Change 383Sources of Resistance to Change 386Overcoming Resistance to Change 392Summary 396Part Five: Developing Effective Administrative Systems 39922 Performance Budgeting 403Alfred Tat-Kei HoPerformance Budgeting Practices around the World 404Institutional and Organizational Constraints on Performance Budgeting Practices 407Implications for Performance Budgeting Design and Practices 411Summary 41423 Designing and Administering Revenue Systems 416Yilin HouGovernment Revenues 417Reliable Revenue Systems 418Patterns and Trends of Revenue Systems 419Evaluation Criteria of Revenue Systems 419Recent Research and Empirical Evidence about the Criteria 423Revenue System Administration 427Improving Current Systems 429Summary 43424 Managing E-Government 436M. Jae Moon and Eric W. WelchAdvances in Theories and E-Government Studies 437Advances in E-Government Practice 443Moving toward E-Governance for Open, Collaborative, and Integrative Government 450Critical Success Factors for the Management of E-Government 453Summary 45525 Designing Social Media Strategies and Policies 456Ines MergelDistinguishing Types of Social Media Tools 459Current Social Media Practices in the Public Sector 461Designing a Social Media Strategy and Policy 462Managerial Challenges for Implementing Social Media in the Public Sector 467Summary 46826 Compensating Public Sector Employees 469Jared J. LlorensThe Unique Context of Public Sector Compensation 470The Case of the US Federal Government 472Challenges for Practice and Research 481Practical Guidance for Public Managers and Policymakers 482Summary 484Part Six: Sharpening the Public Administrator’s Skill Set 48727 Enacting Collective Leadership in a Shared-Power World 489Sonia M. Ospina and Erica Gabrielle FoldyCollective Leadership and Democratic Governance: What We Know 490Enacting Collective Leadership: What Research Tells Us 495Enacting Collective Leadership inside Organizations 495Enacting Collective Leadership in Complex, Shared-Power Environments 497Enacting Collective Leadership in Large Collaborative Networks 499Implications: Convergences and Cornerstones of Collective Leadership 502Summary 50628 Negotiating for the Public Good 508Lisa Blomgren AmslerWhat to Negotiate: Problems and Context 509When to Negotiate and When Not To 509Why Negotiate: Empirical Evidence on Practice 510How to Negotiate: Tools and Skills to Prepare for and Initiate Negotiation 511Principled or Interest-Based Negotiation and Positional or Hard Bargaining 519How Not to Negotiate and How to Recognize Hard Bargaining 524Summary 52629 Becoming and Being an Effective Collaborator 528Rosemary O’LearyKnowledge about Effective Practice 529Common Themes in the Literature 530Implications for Applying This Knowledge to Public Administration Practice 541Summary 54530 Communicating Effectively 546James L. GarnettApplying Knowledge about Effective Communication Practice 547Implications and Lessons from Hard Knocks Experience 559Summary 56231 Developing Intrapersonal Skills 564Maria P. Aristigueta and Robert B. DenhardtIntrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills 565Developing Intrapersonal Skills 567Practical Advice for Developing Intrapersonal Skills 573Summary 577Part Seven: Professionalizing Public Administration Practice 57932 Embracing Ethical Principles for Public Action 583Brian N. WilliamsReexamining the Historical Meaning of Public Service 585How Best to Guard the Guardians? 588Emerging Opportunities to Embrace Ethical Principles in Public Action: A View from Below 591Out of Darkness and into the Light: Implications for Consistent Ethical Actions 594Conclusion 596Summary 59733 Understanding the Obligations of Codes of Ethics 598Liza Ireni-SabanCodes of Ethics as Markers of Public Administration Professional Identity 600Measuring the Effectiveness of Codes of Ethics in Public Administration 605Assessing the Effective Implementation of Codes of Ethics in Public Administration 607Comparative Analysis of Codes of Ethics Implementation Efforts 608Summary 61434 Understanding Your Liability as a Public Administrator 616Stephanie P. NewboldKnowledge about Effective Practice 620Implications 632Summary 63335 Effective Governance, Effective Administrators 636James L. Perry and Robert K. ChristensenWhat Distinguishes Effective Governance? 637What Makes an Effective Public Administrator? 643Public Administration as a Profession 648References 650Index 747