Glass Walls and Glass Ceilings

Margaret F. Reid is associate professor, graduate coordinator, and MPA Director of the Department of Political Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Her work has appeared in Public Administration Review, Women & Politics, Urban Affairs Review, State and Local Government Review, and in numerous edited works.Brinck Kerr is associate professor of political science and coordinator of the Center for the Study of Representation at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. He is editor of American Review of Politics and his research has been published in various academic journals.Will Miller is associate professor of political science and director of the public policy PhD program at University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. His work has appeared in Public Administration Review, American Review of Public Administration, Women & Politics, State and Local Government Review, American Journal of Political Science, and elsewhere.

• Tables Acknowledgments Preface Representation of Women in State and Municipal Bureaucracies: Empirical and Normative Dimensions Barriers to the Representation of Women in State and Municipal Public Bureaucracies: Theoretical Foundations and Previous Empirical Work Data, Variables, Measures, and Method Empirical Analysis of Glass Walls in State and Municipal Bureaucracies Empirical Analysis of Glass Ceilings and Sex-Based Salary Disparities in State and Municipal Bureaucracies Bureaucratic Representation of Latinas, African American Women, and White (Non-Hispanic) Women in Multiethnic U.S. Cities Conclusion: The Interaction of Walls and Ceilings, Policy Implications, and Future Research Appendix References Index