Glaciation of the Ecuadorian Andes

Stefan Hastenrath, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

• 1. Introduction 2. Physiographic structure 3. Atmospheric circulation and climate 4. Western Cordillera 4.1 Chimborazo-Carihuairazo 4.2 Iliniza 4.3 Corazon 4.4 Atacazo 4.5 Pichincha 4.6 Cotacachi 4.7 Chiles 5. Eastern Cordillera 5.1 Cerro Rasullana 5.2 Soroche and Colay 5.3 Sangay 5.4 Cubillm 5.5 El Altar 5.6 Tungurahua 5.7 Cerro Hermoso 5.8 Quilindana 5.9 Cotopaxi 5.10 Ruminahui 5.11 Sincholagua 5.12 Pasochoa 43 5.14 Sara Urcu 5.15 Cayambe 6. Older glaciations 7. Subnival soil forms 8. Conclusions 8.1 Spatial pattern of glaciation and moraine chronology 8.2 Ice equilibrium line in historical times 8.3 Variation in ice-covered area 8.4 Synopsis of glacial events in the tropics 8.5 Recommendations Appendices: I Topographic maps, air photographs, and satellite imagery A. Western Cordillera B. Eastern Cordillera II Historical sources III Data supplied to World Glacier Inventory A. Identification code B. Characteristic glacier parameters C. Classification according to World Glacier Inventory IV. The Pleistocene changes of vegetation and climate in the northern Andes, by T. van der Hammen, References, Author index, Subject index.