Functional Coatings for Biomedical, Energy, and Environmental Applications

Raj K. Arya, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India. George D. Verros, PhD, works as a Chemical Engineer for public sector environmental projects in Greece. J. Paulo Davim, PhD, is a Full Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of Aveiro, Portugal.

• List of Contributors xxviPreface xxxv1 Introduction: The Evolution of Functional Coatings from Protection to Innovation 1Devyani Thapliyal, Kshitij Tewari, Sarojini Verma, Chitresh K. Bhargava, Pramita Sen, Anshi Mehra, Snehil Rana, George D. Verros, and Raj K. Arya1.1 Introduction 11.2 Coatings in Energy Sector 51.3 Coatings in the Environment: Agriculture, Food and Separations 91.4 Other Applications of Coatings 181.5 Conclusions 19References 20Part I Coatings in Biomedical Applications 312 Functional Coatings: Innovation and Challenges; Coatings in Biological Systems 33Kulsoom Koser, Shahnaz Kousar, Sajjad Haider, Salah- Ud- Din Khan, Aadil A. Bhat, and Athar A. Hashmi2.1 Introduction 332.2 Thermal Sprays Technologies 352.3 Plasma Spraying 352.4 Combustion Spraying 362.5 The Cold Spray Technology 362.6 Substrate Preparation 372.7 Characteristics of the Cold Spray Process 382.8 Cold- Sprayed Compounds 382.9 Cold Sprays Coatings with Added Functionality 382.10 Medical Implantable Device Coatings 392.11 Bioactive Coatings 402.12 Antimicrobial Coatings 412.12.1 Contamination of Medical Equipment 412.13 Antifouling Coatings 412.14 Anticorrosive Coatings 432.15 Cold Spray Bioactive Coatings in the Future 432.16 Conclusion 44References 443 Antimicrobial Coatings in Dental Implants: Past and Present Approaches 51Diksha Agrawal and Anu P. Minhas3.1 Introduction 513.2 Past and Present Status of AMC 523.3 Challenges and Future of Antimicrobial- Coated Dental Implants 673.4 Conclusion 68References 684 Superhydrophobic Coatings for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications 77Suriyanarayanan Sudha, Sonanki Keshri, Chaithanya K. I. Naga, and Subhajith Roychowdhury4.1 Introduction to Functional Coatings 774.2 Superhydrophobic Coatings 784.3 Emerging Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical 864.4 Conclusions, Perspectives, and Future Directions 944.5 Outlook 94Abbreviations 95References 955 Antimicrobial Coatings: Recent Advances and Development in Healthcare Systems 105Arvind K. Yadav , Amook Sharma, Punit K. Khanna, Ratna Chandra, Ashutosh Tripathi, Deepak Kumar, and Manoj Kandpal5.1 Introduction 1055.2 Antimicrobial Coating Technology (AMC Technology) 1065.3 Antimicrobial Coatings Market Size, Share, and Industrial Analysis 1105.4 Antimicrobial Technology in Healthcare Systems 1115.5 Benefits of Antimicrobial Coatings in the Medical Industry 1145.6 Challenges of Implementing Antimicrobial Coatings 1155.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective 118References 1186 3D Printing Coatings for Pharmaceutical Applications 123Anil K. Adimulapu, Rajesh E. Jesudasan, Raj K. Arya, Davvedu Thathapudi, Mahesh Namballa, Kashmiri Sonowal, and Anand Matta6.1 Introduction 1236.2 History 1236.3 Advantages of a 3D Printed Drug Delivery 1246.4 Process Challenges 1246.5 Risk Assessment during 3D Printing Process 1256.6 Types of 3D Printing 1256.7 Applications of 3D Printing 127References 1407 Advances in Pharmaceutical Coatings and Coating Materials 145Alok Ranjan, Priyanka Adhikari, Raj Kumar Verma, Anaikutti Parthiban, Meenakshi Singh, and Ashish Kumar7.1 Introduction 1457.2 Coating Materials 1467.3 Different Types of Coating 1487.4 Coating Equipment 1527.5 Characterization Technique for the Coated Surface 1547.6 Challenges of Coating in Pharmaceutical Application 1557.7 Application of Process Modeling in Coating 1577.8 Summary 159References 1598 Pharmaceutical Coatings 163Bhavishya Mittal, Devyani Thapliyal, and Raj K. Arya8.1 Introduction 1638.2 Biopharmaceutics 1648.3 Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coatings and Process 1688.4 Manufacturing Process for Applying Coatings 1718.5 Scale- Up 1788.6 Summary 180References 180Part II Coatings in Energy and Environment 1839 Energy Storage Coatings: Classification and Its Applications 185Devyanshu Sachdev, Pragati Sharma, Vinod Kashyap, Srinivas Tadepalli, Rahul Sharma, Chankit, Ashok K. Sharma, and Gaurav Gupta9.1 Introduction 1859.2 Classification of Energy Storage 1869.3 Applications of Energy Storage Coatings 1899.4 Summary 197Acknowledgment 197Competing Interest 197References 19710 Energy Storage Coatings in Textiles: A Revolutionary Integration 203Rakesh Namdeti, Nachiappan Senthilnathan, Naveen Prasad Balakrishna P. S., Uma R. Meka, and Arlene A. Joaquin10.1 Background and Motivation 20310.2 Objectives of the Chapter 20310.3 Significance of Energy Storage Coatings in Textiles 20410.4 Current Challenges and Opportunities 20610.5 Fundamentals of Energy Storage 20710.6 Types of Energy Storage Systems 20710.7 Coating Technologies for Energy Storage 20810.8 Integration Challenges and Solutions 20910.9 Textile Substrates for Energy Storage Coatings 21010.10 Advanced Materials for Energy Storage Coatings 21410.11 Techniques for Applying Energy Storage Coatings 21710.12 Applications of Energy Storage Textiles 21910.13 Performance and Durability Assessment 22110.14 Future Perspectives and Challenges 22310.15 Conclusion 225References 22511 Green- Synthesized Nanomaterial Coatings for High- Performance Electrodes 231D. Shruthi Keerthi, M. Mukunda Vani, and Balaji Krishnamurthy11.1 Introduction 23111.2 Materials and Methods 23711.3 Results 24111.4 Conclusion 250References 25212 Optical Coating Systems for High- Efficiency Solar Cells 257Sonal S. Bagade, Manzar M. Malik, and Piyush K. Patel12.1 Introduction 25712.2 Methodology 25812.3 Working Mechanism, Advancement, and Applications of Various SC Coating Technologies 26212.4 Conclusion 283References 28413 Science and Engineering of Functional Coatings Materials Used in Energy Sectors 305Diksha P. Pathak, Ajeet K. Prajapati, Siddharth Atal, Yogendra Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Akhoury S. K. Sinha, Jitendra Sangwai, Krishna D. P. Nigam, and Deepak Dwivedi13.1 Introduction 30513.2 Functional Coatings Materials Property 30713.3 Biomass- Derived Functional Coating Materials 30913.4 Types of Advanced Functional Coating Technologies for Renewable Energy Sectors 31213.5 Functional Coatings for Solar Energy Applications 31313.6 Functional Coatings Used in Hydrogen Energy 31413.7 Methods to Estimate Hydrogen Embrittlement 31513.8 The General Classification of Functional Coating Based on Materials 31713.9 Challenges with Coatings That Are Thick and Thin or Soft and Stiff 32013.10 Specific Challenges in Some Coating’s Applications 320References 32114 High- Temperature Corrosion- Resistant Coatings for the Energy Sector 329Ankita Kumari, Priyanka Sati, Sudesh Kumar, and Rajendra P. Singh14.1 Introduction 32914.2 Advances in HTC- Resistant Materials and Coatings 33014.3 Materials and Coatings Corrosion Mechanisms 33214.4 Corrosion- Resistant Substances and Coatings: Application Trends 33214.5 Mechanisms of Decline and Coating Design 33714.6 Conclusion 338Acknowledgments 339References 339Part III Coatings for Industrial and Environmental Applications 34315 Coatings in the Automobile Application 345Ramanujam Kanchana, Muthamilselvi Ponnuchamy, Ashish Kapoor, and Paramathma Baskara Sethupathi15.1 Introduction 34515.2 Raw Material Used in the Automotive Coatings Industry 34615.3 Based on Product Categories and Process of Coatings 35115.4 Based on the Application Method of Coatings 35415.5 Based on the Technology of Coating Types 35415.6 Functional Coatings Types 35515.7 Market 35615.8 Benefits 35615.9 Application 35715.10 Current Trends in the Automotive Coatings 35815.11 Automotive Key Suppliers 35915.12 Conclusion 360References 36016 Coatings for Membrane Separations 363Abhishek K. S. Saxena, Anupam B. Soni, Santhi R. Pilli, and Anandkumar Jayapal16.1 Introduction 36316.2 Physical Coating Techniques 36516.3 Chemical Coating Techniques 37416.4 Applications 38116.5 Challenges and Outlook 38716.6 Conclusions 388References 38917 Coatings for Oil–Water Separation 399Monalisha Samanta, Pramita Sen, and Debarati Mitra17.1 Introduction 39917.2 What Are Coatings? 40117.3 Application of Coatings 40117.4 Types of Coatings 40217.5 Fabrication Methods of Superhydrophobic and Super- Hydrophilic coatings 40317.6 Superhydrophobic/Superoleophobic Coated Membranes Used for Oil/Water Separation 41617.7 Limitations Associated with the Development of Superhydrophobic/Superoleophobic Surfaces and Films 42317.8 Conclusions 424References 42518 Enhancing the Performance of Ultrafiltration (UF) Membranes with the Aid of Functional Coatings 429Pramita Sen, Tanweepriya Das, Sushmit Ghosh, Arka Sanyal, Umesh Ghorai, Rohit Dutta, Devyani Thapliyal, and Raj K. Arya18.1 Introduction 42918.2 Types of Coating Material 43118.3 Synthesis of Polymer- Coated Membranes 43518.4 Fouling and Antifouling Mechanism Analysis 44618.5 Major Applications and Performance Characteristics of Surface- Modified UF Membranes 45118.6 Concluding Remarks 454References 45719 Antimicrobial Coatings for Water Purification: Applications and Future Perspectives 467Simmi Goel and Raj K. Arya19.1 Introduction 46719.2 Metal and Its Oxide- Containing Nanocoatings 46819.3 Polymers- Based Coatings Used for Water Purification 47219.4 Ionic Liquids and Polymer Composites as Antimicrobial Agents 47419.5 Natural Plant Extracts for Water Purification 47619.6 Conclusion 478References 478Part IV Coatings in Food and Consumer Goods 48520 Protein- Based Edible Coatings and Films for Food Packaging and Storage 487Anupama Thakur, Avni Gupta, Preet Kanwal, Ananya Sharma, Harbaaz Singh, Gaganpreet K. Saini, and Shilpi Ahluwalia20.1 Introduction 48720.2 Types of Coatings 48820.3 Protein Film Formation Methods 49320.4 Improvement Methods for Protein Films 49520.5 Factors Affecting Protein- Based Film 49820.6 Applications of Protein- Based Edible Films 50220.7 Conclusion 504References 50421 Antimicrobial Coatings in the Food Industry 511V. Uma Maheshwari Nallal, A. Usha Raja Nanthini, D. Illakiam, B. Ravindran, Vinitha Ebenezer, and M. Razia21.1 Introduction 51121.2 Food Industry: Role, Benefits, and Risks 51221.3 Microbial Contamination in Food Industry 51421.4 Antimicrobial Agents and Their Mode of Action 51821.5 Antimicrobial Coatings 51821.6 Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating Agents 52521.7 Applications of Antimicrobial Coatings in Food Industry 52621.8 Release Kinetics of Antimicrobial Agents from Coated Surfaces 53121.9 Recent Trends in Antimicrobial Coatings 53221.10 Challenges and Safety Concerns 53221.11 The Commercialization of Antimicrobial Coatings 53321.12 Conclusion and Future Roadmap 534References 53522 Antimicrobial Coatings for Fruits and Vegetables 543Sakshi Gupta, Gargi Ghoshal, and Raj K. Arya22.1 Introduction 54322.2 Composition of Edible Coating for Fruits and Vegetables 54622.3 Antimicrobial Agents Suitable for Coating 55022.4 Techniques for Making an Antimicrobial Edible Coating 55622.5 Effect of Edible Coating on Qualities of Fruits and Vegetables 56122.6 Future Prospect 56122.7 Conclusion 562References 56223 Antioxidant Coatings Applied in the Food Industry 571Sunita Patil, Rohidas Bhoi, Jotiram Gujar, Parimala Shivaprasad, Alisa Wikaputri, and Shambala Gadekar- Shinde23.1 Introduction 57123.2 Role of Antioxidant Coatings in the Food Industry 57123.3 Classification of Antioxidants 57223.4 Method of Extraction of Antioxidants from Natural Resources 57323.5 Procedure for Inducing Coating on FM 57423.6 Antioxidant Film as a Coating in Packaging 58123.7 Challenges and Prospect 58723.8 Conclusion 592References 59224 Applications of Edible Coating in the Food Industry 601Anshi Mehra, Pooja Rajput, Devyani Thapliyal, Sarojini Verma, Snehil Rana, Chitresh K. Bhargava, Kshitij Tewari, George D. Verros, and Raj K. Arya24.1 Introduction 60124.2 Coating Categories 60324.3 Ingredients in the Making of Edible Coating 60424.4 Possible Generation Methods of Edible Coatings 61124.5 Factors Affecting Coating Process 61424.6 Sensory Implication on the Shelf Life of Fruit 61524.7 Application of Edible Coating 61624.8 Advantages of Edible Coating 61824.9 Characterization/Analysis of Edible Coatings 61924.10 Ordinance Detail 62124.11 Future Trends 621References 622Part V Emerging Coating Innovations 62925 Antimicrobial Coatings for Textiles Using Natural Dyes 631Varinder Kaur, Palwinder Singh, Debapriya Chattopadhyay, Sombir Jaglan, Sachin K. Godara, Sukhdeep Kaur, Sheetal Vermani, Alvine S. Ndinchout, and Deepika Verma25.1 Introduction 63125.2 Applications of Natural Antimicrobial Dyes for Textiles 63325.3 Future Scope 638References 63826 Superhydrophobic Coatings for Boiling Heat Transfer Applications 643Inbaoli Arivalagan, Sujith Kumar C. Sivaraman, and Sandesh S. Chougule26.1 Introduction 64326.2 Wettability 64526.3 Wettability Effects on Bubble Dynamics 64626.4 Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Pool Boiling 64826.5 Boiling Characteristics on Superhydrophobic Surfaces 65126.6 Summary 65826.7 Prospects of SHB Surfaces 658References 65827 Electroless Nickel- Based Coatings for Corrosion Protection Applications 663Shashikala A. R., Sridhar B. S., and Sabin Mishra27.1 Introduction 66327.2 Effect of Corrosion 66327.3 Corrosion Protection 66427.4 Electroplating and Electroless Plating 66527.5 Electroless Plating of Nickel 66827.6 Conclusion 671References 67128 Functional Coating in Electronic Applications 675Rakesh Namdeti, Sivamani Selvaraju, Vijayanand Manickam, Saikat Banerjee, and Jayakaran Pachiyappan28.1 Introduction 67528.2 Principles of Functional Coatings 67628.3 Applications of Functional Coatings 68028.4 Future Trends and Challenges 68328.5 Conclusion 690References 690Index 695