Fluid-Structure Interaction

Jean-François Sigrist is an engineer qualified to direct research. He is an expert in scientific computing, mainly applied to the naval and maritime domains. He is the author of several publications and books on fluid–structure interaction modeling and numerical simulation.Cédric Leblond is a research and development engineer at Naval Group and holds a PhD in Engineering Sciences. Working at the crossroads of technical expertise and academic research, he is the author of a number of international publications on advanced numerical methods.

• Foreword: Numerical Simulation: A Strategic Challenge For Our Industrial Sovereignty xiiiHervé GRANDJEANPreface: Fluid–Structure Interactions in Naval Engineering xvJean-François SIGRIST and Cédric LEBLONDAcknowledgments xxiJean-François SIGRIST and Cédric LEBLONDChapter 1 A Brief History of Naval Hydrodynamics 1Alain BOVIS1.1 The emergence of a new science 21.2 Perfecting the theory 81.2.1 Fluids, viscosity and turbulence 81.2.2 Potential theories 101.2.3 Waves 111.3 Ship theory 141.3.1 Stability 141.3.2 Resistance to forward motion 151.3.3 Roll, pitch and seakeeping 191.3.4 Propeller and cavitation 211.4 The numerical revolution 241.5 References 28Chapter 2 Numerical Methods for Vibro-acoustics of Ships in the “Low frequency” Range 31Jean-François SIGRIST2.1 The acoustic signature of maritime platforms 312.2 Vibro-acoustic models 342.2.1 Vibro-acoustics without dissipative effects 342.2.2 Dissipation of energy in a fluid 372.2.3 Dissipation of energy in materials 392.3 Calculating the frequency response 402.3.1 Numerical model, vibro-acoustic equation 412.3.2 Direct and modal methods 432.4 Improving the predictive character of simulations 462.4.1 The medium- and high-frequency domains 462.4.2 Uncertainty propagation and parametric dependency 492.5 References 50Chapter 3 Hybrid Methods for the Vibro-acoustic Response of Submerged Structures 53Valentin MEYER and Laurent MAXIT3.1 Noise and vibration of a submerged structure 543.1.1 Why vibro-acoustics? 543.1.2 From the real-world problem to the physical model 563.2 Solving the vibro-acoustic problem 573.2.1 Substructuring approach 573.2.2 Point admittance method 583.2.3 Condensed transfer function method 613.2.4 Examples of condensation functions 633.2.5 Spectral theory of cylindrical shells 643.2.6 FEM calculation for internal structures 663.3 Physical analysis of the vibro-acoustic behavior of a submerged cylindrical shell 673.3.1 The influence of heavy fluid 673.3.2 Vibration behavior of the cylindrical shell 693.3.3 The influence of stiffeners 713.3.4 Influence of non-axisymmetric internal structures 743.4 Conclusion 763.5 References 77Chapter 4 “Advanced” Methods for the Vibro-acoustic Response of Naval Structures 79Cédric LEBLOND4.1 On reducing computing time 794.2 Parametric reduced-order models in the harmonic regime 824.2.1 Bibliographical elements 824.2.2. Standard construction of the parametric reduced-order model .. 834.2.3. Constructing a goal-oriented parametric reduced-order model .. 914.3 Parametric reduced-order models in the time domain 1024.3.1 Motivation 1024.3.2 On the stability of full vibro-acoustic models 1024.3.3 Construction of stable reduced-order models 1034.3.4 Offline construction of the reduced-basis 1054.3.5 Illustration of the temporal approach 1054.4 Conclusion 1074.5 References 108Chapter 5 Calculating Hydrodynamic Flows: LBM and POD Methods 113Erwan LIBERGE5.1 Model reduction 1145.2 Proper orthogonal decomposition 1165.2.1 Calculation of the reduced basis POD 1165.2.2 Using POD in fluid–structure interaction 1195.2.3 Sensitivity to parameters and interpolation of POD bases 1255.3 Lattice Boltzmann method 1285.3.1 History 1285.3.2 Mrt/bgk 1325.3.3 Real parameters/LBM parameters 1335.4 LBM and FSI 1355.4.1 Boundary conditions in the LBM 1365.4.2 Immersed boundary method 1385.5 Conclusion 1415.6 References 141Chapter 6 Dynamic Behavior of Tube Bundles with Fluid–Structure Interaction 147Daniel BROC6.1 Introduction 1476.1.1 Tube bundles in the nuclear industry 1486.1.2 Tube bundles, industrial problems 1516.1.3 Modeling FSI in exchangers 1546.2 Physical models and equations 1546.2.1 Fluid–structure interaction with Euler equations 1546.2.2 Numerical methods for Euler equations with FSI 1576.2.3 Homogenization in the case of tube bundles 1596.2.4 Numerical methods for homogenization 1636.2.5 Euler equations, Rayleigh damping 1636.2.6 Homogenization, Rayleigh damping 1646.2.7 Implementing the homogenization method 1656.3 Validation and illustration of the homogenization method 1676.3.1 Vibrational eigenmodes 1676.3.2 Rayleigh damping: direct and homogenization methods 1736.4 Homogenization methods for Navier‒Stokes equations 1736.5 Applications 1786.5.1 Dynamic behavior of RNR-Na cores 1786.5.2 Onboard steam generator 1816.6 Conclusion 1836.7 References 183Chapter 7 Calculating Turbulent Pressure Spectra 185Myriam SLAMA7.1 Vibrations caused by turbulent flow 1857.2 Characteristics of the wall pressure spectrum 1887.2.1 Turbulent boundary layer without a pressure gradient 1887.2.2 Flow with a pressure gradient 1937.3 Empirical models 1947.3.1 Corcos model 1947.3.2 Chase models 1957.3.3 Smol’yakov model 1977.3.4 Goody’s model 1997.3.5 Rozenberg model 1997.3.6 Model comparison 2007.4 Solving the Poisson equation for wall pressure fluctuations 2037.4.1 Formulations for the TMS part of the wall pressure 2037.4.2 Formulations for the TMS and TT parts of the wall pressure 2067.5 Conclusion 2117.6 References 211Chapter 8 Calculating Fluid–Structure Interactions Using Co-simulation Techniques 215Laëtitia PERNOD8.1 Introduction 2158.2 The physics of fluid–structure interaction 2198.2.1 Dimensionless numbers for the fluid flow 2228.2.2 Dimensionless numbers for the motion of structures 2238.2.3 Dimensionless numbers linked to fluid–structure coupling 2248.2.4 Additional dimensionless numbers and the generic effects of a fluid on a structure 2258.2.5 Summary of dimensionless numbers and fluid–structure coupling intensity 2268.3 Mathematical formulation of the fluid–structure interaction 2288.3.1 Mathematical formulation of the fluid problem 2308.3.2 Mathematical formulation of the structural problem 2318.3.3 Mathematical formulation of interface coupling conditions 2328.4 Numerical methods in the dynamics of fluids and structures 2328.4.1 Numerical methods in the dynamics of fluids 2328.4.2 Numerical methods in structural dynamics 2348.4.3 Arbitrary Lagrange‒Euler (ALE) formulation and moving meshes 2348.5 Numerical solution of the fluid–structure interaction 2368.5.1 Software strategy 2378.5.2. Time coupling methods in the case of partitioning approaches .. 2408.5.3 Methods of space coupling 2458.5.4 The added mass effect 2518.6 Examples of applications to naval hydrodynamics 2548.6.1 Foils in composite materials 2548.6.2 Hydrodynamics of hulls 2558.7 Conclusion: Which method for which physics? 2568.8 References 257Chapter 9 The Seakeeping of Ships 261Jean-Jacques MAISONNEUVE9.1 Why predict ships’ seakeeping ability? 2619.1.1 Guaranteeing structural reliability 2629.1.2 Guaranteeing a ship’s safety at sea 2629.1.3 Predicting operability domains 2649.1.4 Improving operability 2649.1.5. Getting to know the environment and how the ship disrupts it 2659.1.6 The particular case of multibodies 2669.1.7 Knowing average or low-frequency forces resulting from swell 2669.2 Waves 2679.2.1 Origin, nature and description of waves 2679.2.2 Monochromatic swell 2699.2.3 Irregular swell 2719.2.4 Complete nonlinear wave modeling 2729.2.5 Considering a ship’s forward speed 2729.3 The hydromechanical linear frequency solution 2739.3.1 Hypotheses and general formulation 2739.3.2 Response on regular swell 2759.3.3 Response on irregular swell 2849.4 Nonlinear time solution based on force models 2869.4.1 Principles of the method 2879.4.2 Results 2909.4.3 Tools: uses and limitations 2919.5 Complete solution of the Navier‒Stokes equations 2919.5.1 Method 2929.5.2 Applications to the problem of seakeeping 2949.6 Conclusion 2989.7 References 298Chapter 10 Modeling the Effects of Underwater Explosions on Submerged Structures 301Quentin RAKOTOMALALA10.1 Underwater explosions 30210.1.1 Characterizing the threat 30210.1.2 Calculating the flow 30510.1.3 Semi-analytical models for the response of submerged structures 30710.2 Semi-analytical models for the motion of a rigid hull 30810.2.1 Local motion of a rigid hull with or without equipment 30810.2.2 Overall motion of a rigid hull with or without equipment 31210.3 Semi-analytical models of the motion of a deformable hull 31910.3.1 Shock signal on a deformable hull alone 31910.3.2 Correction of the rigid body motion 32210.3.3 Device rigidly mounted on the hull 32710.3.4 Simplified representation of hull stiffeners 33110.4 Notes on implementing models 33410.5 Conclusion 33710.6 References 337Chapter 11 Resistance of Composite Structures Under Extreme Hydrodynamic Loads 339Pierre BERTHELOT, Kevin BROCHARD, Alexis BLOCH and Jean-Christophe PETITEAU11.1 The behavior of composite materials 34011.1.1 Orthotropic linear elastic behavior 34011.1.2 Non-elastic behavior 34111.1.3 Strain rate dependency 34411.2 Underwater explosions 34511.2.1 Categorizing phenomena 34611.2.2 Analytical formulations and simple experiments 34811.2.3 Numerical methods 35411.3 Slamming: phenomenon and formulation 36211.4 Conclusion 36511.5 References 365List of Authors 369Index 371