Flowers and Honeybees

Christopher Ketcham, Ph.D., is retired from the University of Houston Downtown where he taught risk management and ethics. Chris has published in The Journal of Animal Ethics, Space Policy Journal, Marcel Studies, Philosophical Inquiries, and Journal of the Philosophy of Life.

• AcknowledgementsPreface: Introducing the MeadowIntroduction1 The Question This Study Explores2 The Shape of This StudyCited References1 Optimization, MEP, and Mutualism1 Introduction2 Optimization3 Maximum Entropy Production (MEP)4 MutualismCited References2 Emergence of the Flower and Honeybee Mutualism and Flower and Honeybee Ontology and Morphology1 Introduction2 Evolution of the Flower Honeybee Mutualism3 Emergence4 Angiosperm Morphology5 Flower Morphology6 Honeybee Eusociality and Morphology7 The Moral HoneybeeCited References3 Flower and Honeybee Epistemology and Behavior1 Introduction2 Angiosperm Epistemology and Behavior3 Plant Intelligence—a Philosophical Discussion4 Honeybee Epistemology and Behavior5 Consciousness in Flowers and Honeybees6 Moral EleganceCited References4 Epigenetics1 Epigenetics Defined2 Promise of Epigenetics3 Epigenetic Purposes4 General Implications of Epigenetics5 Implications of Epigenetics for Flowers and HoneybeesCited References5 The Good and the Emergence of Morality in the Flower and Honeybee Mutualism1 Introduction2 Asymmetricity3 Responsibility4 Reciprocal Responsibility5 Up from Value6 Hospitality7 Pragmatic Naturalism8 Altruism9 Singer’s Requirements for Morality to Emerge Applied to Flowers and Honeybees10 Epigenetic Rules11 Naturalistic Fallacies and Naturalistic Facts12 Flower and Honeybee Oughts and Obligates13 Morality in NatureCited References6 Study Summary and a Critique of Maximization1 Study Summary2 A Brief and Preliminary Critique of MaximizationCited ReferencesIndex