Farm Animal Anesthesia

The editorsHuiChu Lin, DVM, MS, DACVAA, is Professor of Anesthesia in the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, USA. Thomas Passler, DVM, PhD, DACVIM-LA, is Professor of Food and Fiber Animals in the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, USA. Stuart Clark-Price, DVM, MS, DACVIM-LA, DACVAA, CVA, is Associate Professor of Anesthesia in the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, USA.

• Contributing AuthorsPrefaceChapter 1. Preanesthetic ConsiderationsHuiChu LinPositioningRuminal tympanyRegurgitationSalivationMalignant hyperthermiaDifferences in sensitivity to anestheticsPreanesthetic preparationReferencesChapter 2. Commonly Used PreanestheticsHuiChu LinAcepromazine (phenothiazine derivatives)Droperidol and azaperone (butyrophenone derivatives)Detomidine, dexmedetomidine, medetomidine, romifidine, and xylazine (α2 agonists)Atipamezole, tolazoline, yohimbine, and vatinoxan (α2 antagonists)Diazepam and midazolam (benzodiazepine derivatives)Chloral hydrateReferencesChapter 3. Standing Sedation and Chemical RestraintHuiChu LinCattleSmall ruminants and camelidsSwineReferencesChapter 4. Injectable Anesthetics and Field AnesthesiaHuiChu LinInjectable anestheticsKetamineTelazolAlfaxaloneGuaifenesinField anesthesiaCattleSmall ruminants and camelidsSwineReferencesChapter 5. Neuromuscular Blocking AgentsStuart Clark-PricePhysiology of the neuromuscular junctionMechanism of action of NMBADepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agentsNon-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents  Clinically useful NMBAAtracuriumCis-atracuriumVecuroniumRocuroniumMonitoring of NMBA actionReversal of NMBAReferencesChapter 6. Inhalation Anesthesia and Use of VentilatorHuiChu LinCattleSmall ruminants and camelidsSwineUse of VentilatorsReferencesChapter 7. Perioperative Monitoring and Management of ComplicationsHuiChu LinPerioperative monitoringSupportive fluid therapyPositioningRecoveryPerioperative complicationsRegurgitation and aspiration pneumoniaAirway obstructionRuminal tympany/bloatSalivationHypoventilationCardiac arrhythmiasHypotensionHypothermiaMalignant hyperthermiaPostanesthetic neuromyopathyCardiovascular collapseReferencesChapter 8. Local and Regional Anesthetic TechniquesJessica Rush and Jenna StocklerLocal anesthetic agentsAnesthesia for dehorningAnesthesia for the eye and eyelidsNasal anesthesiaAnesthesia for reproductive procedures and for cessation of strainingCaudal epidural anesthesiaContinuous caudal epidural anesthesiaInternal pudendal nerve blockDorsal penile nerve blockSacral paravertebral nerve blockLumbosacral epidural anesthesiaAnesthesia for laparotomyLine blockInverted L blockProximal paravertebral blockDistal paravertebral blockAnesthesia for udder and teatsAnesthesia of the limbsCastrationReferencesChapter 9. Anesthetic Management of Specific ProceduresBenjamin NewcomerUrogenital surgery in the maleCastrationPenile papillomaPersistent frenulumPenile translocationEpididymectomyVasectomyUrogenital surgery in the femaleCesarean sectionOvariectomyVaginal prolapsePerineal lacerationSurgical disorders of the abdomenLaparotomyDisorders of the forestomachsDisplacements and volvulus of the abomasumSmall intestine disorders (intussusception, intestinal volvulus, intestinal obstruction)Urolithiasis and bladder ruptureUmbilical herniasMusculoskeletal indicationsDehorningClaw amputation and facilitated ankylosisExcision of interdigital fibromasTeeth FloatingTail dockingRectal prolapseWounds, lumps, bumps, and abscessesWound managementOcular squamous cell carcinomaEnucleationEntropionAbscess removal for caseous lymphadenitisReferencesChapter 10. Pain Management for Farm AnimalsHuiChu LinLocal anestheticsSystemic pain managementOpioid analgesicsNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsAlpha-2 agonistsKetamineGabapentinDrug combinations for pain managementConstant rate infusionLocal or regional analgesiaCaudal epidural analgesiaLumbosacral epidural anesthesiaIntra-articular analgesiaReferencesChapter 11. Fluid TherapyManuel F. Chamorro and Paul H. WalzGeneral considerationsPhysiology of body fluidsPatient assessmentFluid and electrolyte therapy in the perioperative periodQuantity and rate of fluid administrationFluid type selectionFluid therapy in cases of calf diarrheaFluid therapy in cases of acute ruminal acidosis (grain overload)Fluid therapy in cases of Hepatic lipidosis/Ketosis/Pregnancy toxemiaFluid therapy in cases of abomasal and small intestinal disordersFluid therapy for cases of sepsis (septic peritonitis, septic omphalitis, etc.)Fluid therapy in cases of urinary tract obstruction/ruptureWhole blood transfusionsMethod of administrationMonitoring fluid administrationReferencesChapter 12. Regulatory and Legal Considerations of Anesthetics and Analgesics Used in Food Producing AnimalsThomas PasslerAlpha-2 agonists and antagonistsBarbituratesBenzodiazepinesDissociative anestheticsLocal anestheticsOpioidsNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)Phenothiazine DerivativesPropofolReferences­­13. Euthanasia of Farm AnimalsThomas PasslerConsiderations prior to EuthanasiaThe Process of EuthanasiaMethods of euthanasiaInjectable euthanasia agentsPhysical methodsAdjunctive and other methods of euthanasiaConsiderations Subsequent to EuthanasiaReferences