England and its Rulers

Michael Clanchy is Professor Emeritus of Medieval History at the Institute of Historical Research, University of London, UK, and a fellow of the British Academy.  He taught previously at Glasgow University, and is considered to be one of the leading medieval scholars of his generation.  His publications include From Memory to Written Record: England 1066–1306  (3rd edition, Wiley Blackwell, 2012) and Abelard: A Medieval Life (Wiley Blackwell, 1999).

• Preface to the Fourth Edition ixList of Abbreviations xMaps1. England and France xi2. England and the Mediterranean xii3. Edward I’s kingdom in Britain in 1305 xiii1 England’s Place in Medieval Europe 1England and its conquerors 3Europe and the world 6England’s destiny 10Interpretations of English history 15England and Britain 18Part I The Normans (1066–1135) 232 The Norman Conquest (1066–87) 28Immediately after the Conquest 28Debates about the Conquest 31English feelings about the Normans 35Names and languages 39Domesday Book 423 Norman Government (1087–1135) 47William Rufus and Henry I 48The development of institutions 54The Exchequer 56Feudalism 604 Church Reform 65The Anglo-Saxon church 65Lanfranc and Norman control 68Anselm and religious perfection 73Monastic expansion 775 The Creation of Wealth 83Competition between churches and towns 84Markets and money 89What was wealth? 92Did the Normans make a difference? 95Part II The Angevins (1135–99) 996 Struggles for the Kingdom (1135–99) 106Property and inheritance 107Stephen and Matilda 110Henry II’s ancestral rights 113Henry II and his sons 118Richard I 1207 Law and Order 125The law and feudalism 126The system described by Glanvill 128Henry II’s intentions 131Bureaucracy 133Why did England develop a system of its own? 1368 The Twelfth-century Renaissance 140England’s place in this Renaissance 142Curiales and Latinists 145The Owl and the Nightingale 148Artists and patrons 1509 The Matter of Britain 155Arthur and Merlin 158Wales – defining an allegiance 162Modernization in Scotland 167Civilization in Ireland 17410 Family and Gender 182Gender 185Clerics and the family 188The law of marriage 191House and home 194Part III The Poitevins (1199–1272) 19811 King John and the Minority of Henry III (1199–1227) 203The Poitevin connection 203The record of King John 207Magna Carta 210The regency of William the Marshal 214Implications of the minority 21912 The Personal Rule of Henry III (1227–58) 223Contemporary rulers 224The return of Peter des Roches 228Henry’s style of kingship 232Henry’s European strategy 239The ‘Sicilian business’ 24313 National Identity 248National feeling in Henry III’s reign 248The papacy and internationalism 251The identity of England 253The use of the English language 257From lordship to nation state 260The expulsion of the Poitevins 26314 The Commune of England (1258–72) 267The confederates of 1258 268The idea of the commune 271The Provisions of Oxford 273Henry III’s recovery 276Monarchy versus community 278The king and Westminster abbey 28115 Lordship and the Structure of Society 284Homage and honour 287Women and lordship 291Lords, freemen and serfs 294Lordship and management 298Epilogue 30416 Edward I (1272–1307) 304Assessing the king’s character 306The enforcement of royal rights 310The conquest of Wales 315The subjection of Scotland 320English law and nationalism 324Genealogical TablesNormans and Angevins 331Angevins and Poitevins 332The Savoyards 333Suggestions for Further Reading 334Index 343