Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management

Edited by Stewart Johnstone, Reader in Employment Relations,Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Jenny K. Rodriguez, Senior Lecturer in Employment Studies, Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, UK and Adrian Wilkinson, Distinguished Professor of Human Resource Management, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Australia

• Contents:Introduction to the Encyclopediaof Human Resource Management 1Stewart Johnstone, Jenny K.Rodriguez and Adrian Wilkinson360-degree appraisal 4Amie ShawAbsenteeism 6Renée de ReuverAcas 7Gill Dix and George BoyceADR 8See: Alternative dispute resolution.Aesthetic labour 8Andrew R. TimmingAgeing workforce 9David LainAgile working 10Ian RoperAI 11See: Artificial intelligence.AIHRM 11See: Artificial intelligence HRM.Algorithmic management 11Francesco BonifacioAlienation 12Maurizio AtzeniAlternative dispute resolution 13Paul LatreilleAMO model 14Eva KniesAnnualized hours 15James ArrowsmithApprenticeship 16Jim StewartAptitude test 17Raymond RandallArbitration 18Paul LatreilleArtificial intelligence 19Lene PettersenArtificial intelligence HRM 20Maarten RenkemaAssessment centre 21Angela BaronAttitude survey 22Paula K. MowbrayBalanced scorecard 24Brian HarneyBenchmarking 25Brian HarneyBenefits 26Geoff WhiteBest fit 27Corine T. BoonBest practice 28Corine T. BoonBig data 29Tobias M. ScholzBig five 30Daniel J. Cummings andArthur PoropatBiodata 31John G. O’Gorman and David ShumBlacklisting 32Gregor GallBlended learning 33Chris Rowley and Ashish MalikBody work 34Carol WolkowitzBrexit 36Philip B. Whyman and Alina I.PetrescuBullying 37See: Workplace bullying.Burnout 37Marina BoulosCapability procedure 39Nelarine CorneliusCareer breaks 40Nikos BozionelosCareers 41Jos AkkermansChange management 42Bernard BurnesCIPD 44Peter CheeseCircular economy 45Matthew AndersonCoaching 46Margarita NyfoudiCo-determination 47Miguel Martínez LucioCollective agreements 48Peter F. BeszterCollective bargaining 49Peter F. BeszterCommitment 50John P. MeyerCommunity unionism 51Steve WilliamsComparative HRM 52Chris BrewsterCompetitive advantage 54Brian HarneyConciliation 55Paul LatreilleConfigurational model 56Brian HarneyConflict 57Gregor GallConsultation 59Amanda PymanContingency theory 60Brian HarneyContinuing professional development 61Margarita NyfoudiControl 62See: Managerial control.Convergence theory 62Alexandros PsychogiosCoordinated market economy 63Geoffrey WoodCore worker 64Fang Lee CookeCoronavirus 65Tony DobbinsCorporate governance 66Chris ReesCorporate social responsibility 68Maura Sheehan and Michael MoranCo-working 69See: Telework.CPD 69See: Continuing professionaldevelopment.Cross-cultural training 69Dhara ShahCSR 70See: Corporate socialresponsibility.Curriculum vitae 70Christine NaschbergerCustom and practice 71Anni HollingsCV 72See: Curriculum vitae.Datafication 73Elisabeth Anna GuentherDeskilling 74Maurizio AtzeniDigital picket line 75Anthony ForsythDigital work 76See: Virtual work.Digitalization 76Elisabeth Anna GuentherDirty work 77Linda TallbergDisciplinary procedure 78Emily RoseDiscipline and grievance 79Ian McAndrewDisconnected capitalism 81Paul ThompsonDiscrimination 82Jenny K. RodriguezDistance learning 83Jim StewartDiversity management 84Geraldine HealyDivision of labour 86Maurizio AtzeniDownsizing 87Stewart JohnstoneEDI 88See: Equality, diversity andinclusion.E-HRM 88See: Electronic HRM.E-learning 88Jim StewartElectronic HRM 89Richard Cai and Jenny K.RodriguezEmotional intelligence 90Peter J. Jordan and DirkLindebaumEmotional labour 91Xiaoni RenEmployability 92Jason HeyesEmployee 94Emily RoseEmployee engagement 94Alan M. SaksEmployee experience 95Martin R. EdwardsEmployee networks 97Francisca Álvarez-FigueroaEmployee resource groups 98See: Employee networks.Employee share ownership 98Erik PoutsmaEmployee silence 100Victoria ListerEmployee value proposition 100Sangita DeEmployee voice 101Adrian WilkinsonEmployee well-being 102Sudong ShangEmployer branding 103Angela BaronEmployers’ associations 104Peter SheldonEmployment agency 105Chris Forde and Gary SlaterEmployment relationship 106John W. BuddEmployment tribunal 107Paul LatreilleEmpowerment 108Adrian WilkinsonEqual opportunity 109Glenda StrachanEqual pay 111Mark SmithEquality 111Shreya Roy ChoudhuryEquality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) 112Isabel TávoraEquity 114John W. BuddEthics 115Michelle GreenwoodEthnocentric management 117Dhara ShahEuropean works councils 118Andrew R. TimmingExecutive search firms 119Monika HamoriExit interview 119Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxExpatriate 121Dhara ShahExpectancy theory 122Hadi El-FarrExperiential learning 123Carlos Gomez Diaz and JennyK. RodriguezExternal labour market 124Matthew XerriExtreme work 125Minjie CaiFamily-friendly policies 127Natalie Skinner and Erich C. FeinFinancial participation 128Erik PoutsmaFinancialization 130Jean CushenFire and rehire 131Alan BoggFixed-term contract 132Jonathan LordFlexible firm 133Stephen ProcterFlexible working 134Clare KelliherFlexicurity 135Marcello PedaciFlexitime 136Derek Eldridge and Tahir NisarFour-day week 137John QuigginFourth industrial revolution 138Adrian Kaminski, Vishal Ranaand Alan NankervisFrames of reference 139Niall CullinaneFreelance work 140Oliver Mallett and Robert WapshottFurlough 141Tony DobbinsFuture of work 142Deborah HarrisonGamified HRM 144Lena MurawskiGender 145Vincenza PriolaGender gap 146Jenny K. RodriguezGender pay gap 147Mark SmithGenerations 148Annick van RossemGeocentric management 149Michael Isichei and David G.CollingsGlass ceiling 150Jenny K. RodriguezGlass cliff 151Daniela Fernandez andMichelle K. RyanGlobal supply chains 153Jimmy DonagheyGlobal value chains 154Matthew AlfordGlobalization 155Geoffrey WoodGolden handshake 156Prantika RayGraduate recruitment 157Belgin Okay-SomervilleGreat resignation 159Mussie T. TessemaGreen HRM 160See: Green human resourcemanagement.Green human resource management 160Douglas W.S. RenwickGrievance procedure 161Emily RoseGross misconduct 162Emily RoseGuanxi HRM 162Li (Athena) LiuHalo effect 164Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxHard and soft HRM 165Stewart JohnstoneHeadhunting 166Monika HamoriHerzberg 167Daniel KingHierarchy of needs 168Daniel KingHigh-involvement management 169Stephen WoodHigh-performance work systems 170Stephen ProcterHomeworking 172Alan FelsteadHorns effect 172Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxHR analytics 173Martin R. EdwardsHR Strategy 175See: Human resource strategy.HRD 175See: Human resource development.HRM 175See: Human resource management.HRM process approach 175Karin SandersHuman capital 176Christopher M. HarrisHuman relations movement 177Daniel KingHuman resource department 178Fang Lee CookeHuman resource development 180Angela BaronHuman resource information system 181Richard Cai and Jenny K. RodriguezHuman resource management 182John StoreyHuman resource manager 184Stewart JohnstoneHuman resource planning 185See: Workforce planning.Human resource strategy 185Monique VeldHybrid working 186Mengyi XuHygiene factors 187See: Herzberg.IHRM 188See: International humanresource management.ILO 188See: International LabourOrganization.Immigration 188Chris F. WrightImpression management 189Martin Kleinmann, Pia Ingoldand Annika WilhelmyIndie unions 190Holly SmithIndigenous employment 191Corie Duff, Kate Hutchingsand Kerry BodleInduction 192See: Onboarding.Industrial action 192Andy HodderIndustrial relations 193Tony DundonInformal learning 195Karin SandersInstitutional framework 196Miguel Martínez LucioInstitutional logics 198Syed Imran SaqibInstitutional theories 199Alexandros PsychogiosIntellectual capital 201Stephen T.T. Teo, ChristineSoo and Amy Wei TianIntelligence tests 202John G. O’Gorman and David ShumInternal labour market 203Matthew XerriInternational assignment 203Maranda RidgwayInternational human resourcemanagement 205Pawan S. BudhwarInternational Labour Organization 207Kashfia Ameen and Arjan KeizerInternational labour standards 208See: International LabourOrganization.Internships 208Jackie CarterInterpersonal skills 209Rachel L. MorrisonIntersectionality 210Jenny K. RodriguezInterviews 211Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxJapanese management 213John BensonJob analysis 214Joseph McCuneJob description 215Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxJob design 216Sharon K. Parker and JosephA. CarpiniJob enlargement 218Joseph A. Carpini and SharonK. ParkerJob enrichment 219Sharon K. Parker and JosephA. CarpiniJob evaluation 220Hadi El-FarrJob quality 221Patricia FindlayJob rotation 222Joseph A. Carpini and SharonK. ParkerJob satisfaction 224Eva KniesJob security 224Jenny K. RodriguezJoint consultation 226Peter F. BeszterKnowledge management 227Donald HislopKnowledge worker 228Jean CushenKnowledge, skills and abilities 229Amie ShawKSA 230See: Knowledge, skills and abilities.Labour 231Maurizio AtzeniLabour market 232Chris F. WrightLabour migration 233Stefania Marino and MiguelMartínez LucioLabour mobility 234Chris F. WrightLabour process 235Paul ThompsonLabour theory 236See: Labour process.Labour turnover 236Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxLeader–member exchange 237Herman H.M. Tse and MarieT. DasboroughLeadership 239Rafia FaizLean production 240Stephen ProcterLearning cycle 241Amie ShawLearning organization 242Margarita NyfoudiLearning style 243Amie ShawLeaveism 244James RichardsLiberal market economy 245Geoffrey WoodLifetime employment 246Katsuki AokiLine managers 247Douglas W.S. RenwickLiving wage 248Tony Dobbins and Peter ProwseLMX 249See: Leader–member exchange.Long hours culture 249See: Workaholism.Low pay 249Damian GrimshawManagement consultancy 251Joe O’MahoneyManagement development 252Thomas Garavan and DeirdreMcQuillanManagement style 254Anni HollingsManagerial control 255Paul ThompsonMaslow 256See: Hierarchy of needs.Maternity leave 256See: Maternity, paternity andparental leave.Maternity, paternity and parental leave 256Marian BairdMayo 257See: Human relations movement.MBTI 257See: Myers–Briggs type indicator.McGregor 257Daniel KingMeaningful work 258Ruth YeomanMediation 259Paul LatreilleMental well-being 260Cary L. CooperMentoring 262Margarita NyfoudiMigrant worker 262Susan RessiaMillennials 263Sangita DeMinimum wage 264Damian GrimshawMisconduct 265Emily RoseMNC 266See: Multinational company.MNE 266See: Multinational company.Motivation 266Gary Latham and Jelena BrcicMotivators 268See: Herzberg.Multinational company 268Alexandros PsychogiosMultinational corporation 269See: Multinational company.Multinational enterprise 269See: Multinational company.Multi-skilling 269Christine NaschbergerMyers–Briggs type indicator 270Sangita DeNational culture 272Alexandros PsychogiosNegotiation 273Ian McAndrewNeuro-HR 274Alexandros PsychogiosNeurodivergence 276James RichardsNeurodiversity 277See: Neurodivergence.Non-unionism 277Stewart JohnstoneNotice period 278Emily RoseOCB 279See: Organizationalcitizenship behaviour.Occupational health and safety 279Minjie CaiOff-the-job learning 280Jim StewartOffice housework 281Jenny K. RodriguezOn-the-job learning 282Joanna Booth and Louise OldridgeOnboarding 283Rodolfo SommerOnline learning 284Chris Rowley and Ashish MalikOrganization development 285Chris Rowley and Ashish MalikOrganizational career systems 286Yehuda BaruchOrganizational citizenship behaviour 287Eva KniesOrganizational climate 288Jenny K. Rodriguez andCarlos Gomez DiazOrganizational culture 289Alistair CheyneOrganizational learning 291Maha Alfarhan, HaidangNguyen and Helen ShiptonOutsourcing 292Fang Lee CookeOvertime 293James ArrowsmithPanel interviews 295Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxPart-time working 296Mengyi XuPartnership 297Stewart JohnstonePaternity leave 298See: Maternity, paternity andparental leave.Payment system 298Stephen J. PerkinsPDP 299See: Personal development plan.Peer appraisal 299Amie ShawPensions 300Bethania AntunesPerformance appraisal 301Amie ShawPerformance appraisal interview 302Amie ShawPerformance management 303Elaine FarndalePerformance-related pay 304Geoff WhitePeripheral worker 305Fang Lee CookePerson specification 307Susan RessiaPerson–environment fit 307Brianna Barker CazaPersonal development plan 309Jim StewartPersonality test 310Susan RessiaPersonality traits 311David J. Hughes, John-PaulMartindale and Paul IrwingPicketing 312Gregor GallPlatform work 313Al JamesPluralism 314Niall CullinanePolycentric management 316Olga TregaskisPrecarious employment 317Chris FordePresenteeism 318James RichardsProbation 319Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxProfit-sharing 320Erik PoutsmaPromotion 321Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxPsychological capital 322Maree RochePsychological contract 324Neil ConwayPsychometric testing 325Raymond RandallRace to the bottom 327Nathaniel TettehRadicalism 328Niall CullinaneRecruitment 329Scott A. HurrellRecruitment agency 330Galit KleinRedeployment 331Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxReferences 332Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxRegulation 333Miguel Martínez LucioRepatriation 334Michael J. MorleyRepresentative participation 335Tony DundonResignation 336Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxResilience 337Joshua HaistResource-based view 338Brian HarneyResourcing 339Stephen TaylorRésumé 341See: Curriculum vitae.Retention 341Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxSkill 361Dimitrinka Stoyanova RussellSkills-based pay 362Rebecca HewettSmall and medium-sized enterprises 363Stewart JohnstoneSMEs 364See: Small and medium-sizedenterprises.Social capital 364Christine Soo, Amy Wei Tianand Stephen T.T. TeoSocial media 365Maria KhanStaff associations 367Stewart JohnstoneStaff networks 368See: Employee networks.State 368Miguel Martínez LucioStrategic choice 369Brian HarneyStrategic HRM 370Paul BoselieStrategy 372Brian HarneyStress 373Joshua HaistStrikes 374Gregor GallSubcontracting 375Fang Lee CookeSuccession planning 376Chris Rowley, NagiahRamasamy and Anne CoxSuggestion scheme 377Paula K. MowbraySystematic training cycle 378Kathryn MouraTalent management 380Anthony McDonnell and SivaShaangari Seathu RamanTaylor 381See: Scientific management.Taylorism 381See: Scientific management.Team pay 381Rebecca HewettTeamwork 382Stephen ProcterTelework 383Susan Ressia and Peter RossTemporary work 384Chris Forde and Gary SlaterTheory X 384See: McGregor.Theory Y 384See: McGregor.Total reward 385Geoff WhiteTrade union recognition 386Tony DundonTrade unions 386David PeetzTraining and development 388Dimitrinka Stoyanova RussellTraining needs analysis 390Kathryn MouraTransferable skills 391Chris Rowley and Ashish MalikTransformational leadership 392Paul S. TurnerTransnational collective agreements 393Miguel Martínez LucioUbuntu 395Joy TauetsileUnconscious bias 396Lucy Taksa and LouiseThornthwaiteUnderemployment 397Jason HeyesUnion density 398Steve WilliamsUnion organising 399Melanie SimmsUnitarism 400Niall CullinaneUniversalistic theory 401Brian HarneyUpward appraisal 403Amie ShawVariable pay 404Geoff WhiteVirtual work 405Mayra Ruiz CastroVocational education and training 406Simon McGrathWasta 408Maranda RidgwayWater cooler chat 409Nora Denner and Thomas KochWell-being 410See: Employee well-being.Whistleblowing 410Kate Kenny, Muhammad Irfanand Meghan Van PortflietWork 411John W. BuddWork organization 412Bill HarleyWorkaholism 414Xi Wen (Carys) ChanWorker 415Emily RoseWorkforce planning 416Angela BaronWorking from home 417Ruth McPhailWorking time 418James ArrowsmithWork–life balance 420Clare KelliherWorkplace bullying 421Ria DeakinWorkplace democracy 422Andrew R. TimmingZero-hours contracts 424Ioulia Bessa, Chris Forde andMark StuartIndex 426