'This book is a must-read for anyone who has ever wondered whether British colonialism led to India's de-industrialization, whether independence made a difference to economic progress, and how much of India's post-colonial economic progress or stagnation can be attributed to its historical circumstances. Written by one of the leading academic experts on India's economic history, this book provides detailed data-driven answers to all these questions and more. Notable features include an integrated analysis of the colonial and post-colonial periods, a detailed discussion of regional, sectoral, caste and gender inequality, and an insightful comparison with the colonial and post-colonial experiences of Korea and Taiwan.' Lakshmi Iyer, Professor of Economics and Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame