Ecology of Language in Multilingual India

Cynthia Groff is Guest Researcher at Leiden University, Netherlands. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania’s Graduate School of Education, she has conducted post-doctoral research through Université Laval, Québec, Canada, and the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico.

• Chapter 1. Introduction: Ecological Metaphors, Minority Voices, and Language Education in the Kumaun.- Chapter 2. Lakshmi Ashram and the Kumaun: Young Women and Gandhian Educators in their Linguistic and Educational Context.- Chapter 3. National-Level Language and Education Policies in India: Kumaunis as Linguistic Minorities.- Chapter 4. Language and Ethnography: Conducting Research in the Kumaun.- Chapter 5. Language Use and Language Labels in Community: Bhasha and Boli.- Chapter 6. Mother Tongue and Medium of Instruction: Official and Unofficial Language Choices in the Kumaun.- Chapter 7. Language Ecology in the Kumaun: The Value of Each and Relationships among Them.- Chapter 8. Young Women, Aims, and Education in the Kumaun.- Chapter 9. Empowerment, Moving Forward, and Alternative Values in Education.- Chapter 10. Conclusions: The Ecology of Language and Biliteracy in the Kumaun and Beyond.